{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T09:53:26Z","timestamp":1791194006214,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790985600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004352","name":"Suranaree University of Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["215601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["215601"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004352","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004352","name":"Suranaree University of Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FF3-303-68-24-42(F)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FF3-303-68-24-42(F)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004352","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["215601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["215601"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05sgb8g78","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["FF3-303-68-24-42(F)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FF3-303-68-24-42(F)"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05sgb8g78","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study evaluated the effects of replacing soybean meal with fermented dried tomato pomace (FDTP) on biochemical, immune, and antioxidant responses, meat quality, and hepatic transcriptomic profiles in Boer goats. Twenty-four male goats were assigned to a control diet or diets in which FDTP replaced 33.33% (T1), 66.66% (T2), or 100% (T3) of soybean meal for 60 days (n = 6). Serum biochemical parameters, total immunoglobulin, and alternative complement hemolytic activity were unaffected, whereas lysozyme activity increased linearly with FDTP replacement. FDTP increased muscular SOD1 expression and altered cytokine expression in a tissue-specific manner, including increased IL10 and reduced IL1B and TNF\u03b1 expression in selected tissues. In gastrocnemius muscle (n = 3), T2 had higher collagen content and lower cooking loss than the control and T3, whereas T3 had higher drip loss than T2; selected textural properties were also altered. During refrigerated storage, lipid oxidation was affected by storage day but not by treatment or the treatment \u00d7 day interaction. T2 was selected post hoc for exploratory hepatic transcriptomic comparison with the control (n = 5). Among 587 DEGs, significantly enriched KEGG pathways involved metabolism and biotransformation, including steroid hormone biosynthesis, retinol metabolism, bile secretion, xenobiotic metabolism, and pentose and glucuronate interconversions. In addition to the enriched pathways, PI3K\u2013Akt, MAPK, NF-\u03baB, and cytokine\u2013cytokine receptor pathways contained DEGs related to metabolic, stress, and immune responses. Overall, FDTP replacement was associated with changes in selected immune and meat-quality traits and with hepatic transcriptional responses predominantly related to metabolic and biotransformation processes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani16193114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T08:57:18Z","timestamp":1791190638000},"page":"3114","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Replacement of Soybean Meal with Fermented Dried Tomato Pomace Modulates Immune Responses, Antioxidant Gene Expression, and Meat Quality in Boer Goats: Insights from Hepatic Transcriptomics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2420-8634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Papungkorn","family":"Sangsawad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Jirawadee","family":"Kaewda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Research and Development, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4007-9000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pramote","family":"Paengkoum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8529-3452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siwaporn","family":"Paengkoum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Agriculture, Faculty of Science and Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima Rajabhat University, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Jiezhang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Zhengqin","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1251-168X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nittaya","family":"Taethaisong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6165-2940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chatsirin","family":"Nakharuthai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20150891","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2015.0891","article-title":"Impacts of feeding less food-competing feedstuffs to livestock on global food system sustainability","volume":"12","author":"Schader","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. R. Soc. Interface"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/s10584-014-1197-x","article-title":"Global and regional trends in greenhouse gas emissions from livestock","volume":"126","author":"Caro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clim. Change"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) (2020). Livestock and Environment Statistics: Manure and Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Global, Regional and Country Trends, 1990\u20132018, FAO. Available online: https:\/\/www.fao.org\/3\/cb2211en\/cb2211en.pdf."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.3109\/07388551.2012.659172","article-title":"Bio-processing of agro-byproducts to animal feed","volume":"32","author":"Ajila","year":"2012","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, K., Qing, Y., Yu, Q., Tang, X., Chen, G., Fang, R., and Liu, H. (2021). By-product feeds: Current understanding and future perspectives. Agriculture, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture11030207"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.5455\/javar.2022.i645","article-title":"Cassava pulp added to fermented total mixed rations increased tropical sheep\u2019s nutrient utilization, rumen ecology, and microbial protein synthesis","volume":"9","author":"Khejornsart","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2017.12.004","article-title":"Effect of dietary grape pomace on growth performance, meat quality and antioxidant activity in ram lambs","volume":"236","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marcos, C.N., de Evan, T., Molina-Alcaide, E., and Carro, M.D. (2019). Nutritive value of tomato pomace for ruminants and its influence on in vitro methane production. Animals, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani9060343"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blasi, F., Trovarelli, V., Mangiapelo, L., Ianni, F., and Cossignani, L. (2024). Grape pomace for feed enrichment to improve the quality of animal-based foods. Foods, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13223541"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2024.116198","article-title":"Effect of dietary citrus pulp on performance and dry matter digestibility in dairy cows: A meta-analysis and meta-regression","volume":"320","author":"Benaouda","year":"2025","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70037","DOI":"10.1111\/asj.70037","article-title":"Production and utilization of fermented rice bran as animal feed","volume":"96","author":"Manlapig","year":"2025","journal-title":"Anim. Sci. J."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Becze, A., Senila, L., Multescu, M., Popa, A., Serbancea, F., and Senila, M. (2025). Nutritional value of tomato pomace as a by-product from the processing of several tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivars. Molecules, 30.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30234502"},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"World Processing Tomato Council (WPTC) (2026). World Production Estimate of Tomatoes for Processing, WPTC. Available online: https:\/\/tomatonews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/WPTC-World-Production-estimate-as-of-7-June-2026.pdf."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70321","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.70321","article-title":"Recycling agricultural waste: Sustainable solutions for enhancing livestock nutrition","volume":"11","author":"Kazemi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eslami, E., Carpentieri, S., Pataro, G., and Ferrari, G. (2023). A comprehensive overview of tomato processing by-product valorization by conventional methods versus emerging technologies. Foods, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12010166"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al Rharad, A., El Aayadi, S., Avril, C., Souradjou, A., Sow, F., Camara, Y., and Boukrouh, S. (2025). Meta-analysis of dietary tannins in small ruminant diets: Effects on growth performance, serum metabolites, antioxidant status, ruminal fermentation, meat quality, and fatty acid profile. Animals, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15040596"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.12642","article-title":"Dietary inclusion of tomato pomace improves meat oxidative stability of young pigs","volume":"101","author":"Correia","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2022.115469","article-title":"Effect of tomato pomace and different ratios of linoleic acid to alpha-linolenic acid in starter diet on growth performance and blood metabolites in Holstein calves","volume":"293","author":"Pouraghakouchak","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meatsci.2018.06.009","article-title":"Dried tomato pomace supplementation to reduce lamb concentrate intake: Effects on growth performance and meat quality","volume":"145","author":"Valenti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Meat Sci."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mizael, W.C.F., Costa, R.G., Rodrigo Beltr\u00e3o Cruz, G., Ramos de Carvalho, F.F., Ribeiro, N.L., Lima, A., Dom\u00ednguez, R., and Lorenzo, J.M. (2020). Effect of the use of tomato pomace on feeding and performance of lactating goats. Animals, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10091574"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"701","article-title":"Changes in nutrients, energy, antioxidant and carotenoid levels of dried tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) pomage treated with Aspergillus niger solid-state fermentation","volume":"9","author":"Ozturk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Turk. J. Agric. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E13885","DOI":"10.1111\/asj.13885","article-title":"Effect of fermented tomato pomace on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal microflora in broiler chickens","volume":"95","author":"Gungor","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anim. Sci. J."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117068","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2026.117068","article-title":"Effects of replacing soybean meal with fermented dried tomato pomace at equivalent proportions on fattening performance, rumen microbial profile, and economic benefits in Boer goats","volume":"347","author":"Long","year":"2026","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"National Research Council (2007). Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants: Sheep, Goats, Cervids, and New World Camelids."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Horwitz, W., and Latimer, G.W. (2005). Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International, AOAC International. [18th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3583","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2","article-title":"Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition","volume":"74","author":"Robertson","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2025.743235","article-title":"Effects of dietary salt and water salinity on the dynamics of major gut microbiota (Cetobacterium), antioxidant status, and immune response in Nile Tilapia","volume":"612","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaewda, J., Boonanuntanasarn, S., Sangsawad, P., Manassila, P., and Nakharuthai, C. (2025). Enhancement of growth, antioxidant activity, and immunity in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) through Recombinant Bacillus subtilis expressing L-Gulonolactone oxidase. Antioxidants, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14010050"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nakharuthai, C., and Srisapoome, P. (2020). Molecular identification and dual functions of two different CXC chemokines in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) against Streptococcus agalactiae and Flavobacterium columnare. Microorganisms, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8071058"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/S0309-1740(98)00034-5","article-title":"Reference methods for the assessment of physical characteristics of meat","volume":"49","author":"Honikel","year":"1998","journal-title":"Meat Sci."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"62","article-title":"Texture profile analysis","volume":"32","author":"Bourne","year":"1978","journal-title":"Food Technol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meatsci.2004.09.008","article-title":"A comparison between two methods (Warner\u2013Bratzler and texture profile analysis) for testing either raw meat or cooked meat","volume":"69","author":"Miguel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Meat Sci."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-9120(96)00003-6","article-title":"A simplified method for the analysis of hydroxyproline in biological tissues","volume":"29","author":"Reddy","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tec.2017.0018","article-title":"A modified hydroxyproline assay based on hydrochloric acid in Ehrlich\u2019s solution accurately measures tissue collagen content","volume":"23","author":"Cissell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. Part C Methods"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4877","DOI":"10.1007\/s13197-018-3422-5","article-title":"Nutritional composition and total collagen content of two commercially important edible bivalve molluscs from the Sea of Japan coast","volume":"55","author":"Tabakaeva","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1021\/jf60226a042","article-title":"Determination of the degree of hydrolysis of food protein hydrolysates by trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid","volume":"27","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3473","DOI":"10.1007\/s13197-017-2804-4","article-title":"Microbiological and chemical changes of shrimp Acetes vulgaris during Kapi production","volume":"54","author":"Pongsetkul","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/0309-1740(86)90088-4","article-title":"Determination of pH in meat","volume":"18","author":"Korkeala","year":"1986","journal-title":"Meat Sci."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12473","DOI":"10.22175\/mmb.12473","article-title":"American Meat Science Association guidelines for meat color measurement","volume":"6","author":"King","year":"2023","journal-title":"Meat Muscle Biol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Manassila, P., Sangsawad, P., Boonanuntanasarn, S., Kaewda, J., Boonchuen, P., Limkul, S., and Nakharuthai, C. (2025). Transcriptomic analysis reveals glycolysis and gluconeogenesis pathway activation underlying growth enhancement by duck-blood protein hydrolysate in flowerhorn cichlid fish. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26199563"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3317","article-title":"HISAT: A fast spliced aligner with low memory requirements","volume":"12","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"848","article-title":"The effect of tomato pomace on carcass traits, blood metabolites and fleece characteristic of growing Markhoz goat","volume":"8","author":"Abdullahzadeh","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Sci."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1900132","DOI":"10.1002\/ejlt.201900132","article-title":"Chemical form of dietary selenium affects the fatty acids profile and oxidative stability of muscles of broilers supplemented with lycopene and oils","volume":"122","author":"Czauderna","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02506-22","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02506-22","article-title":"Short-term tomato consumption alters the pig gut microbiome toward a more favorable profile","volume":"10","author":"Goggans","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Long, Y., Paengkoum, S., Lu, S., Niu, X., Thongpea, S., Taethaisong, N., Han, Y., and Paengkoum, P. (2024). Physicochemical properties, mechanism of action of lycopene and its application in poultry and ruminant production. Front. Vet. Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2024.1364589"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1891\/0739-6686.31.367","article-title":"ROS and RNS signaling in skeletal muscle: Critical signals and therapeutic targets","volume":"31","author":"Michaelson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Nurs. Res."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abbasi-Parizad, P., De Nisi, P., Adani, F., Pep\u00e9 Sciarria, T., Squillace, P., Scarafoni, A., Iametti, S., and Scaglia, B. (2020). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the crude extracts of raw and fermented tomato pomace and their correlations with aglycate-polyphenols. Antioxidants, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9020179"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van Wyk, G.L., Hoffman, L.C., Strydom, P.E., and Frylinck, L. (2022). Differences in meat quality of six muscles obtained from Southern African large-frame indigenous veld goat and Boer goat wethers and bucks. Animals, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12030382"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.5851\/kosfa.2019.e92","article-title":"Differences in muscle fiber characteristics and meat quality by muscle type and age of Korean native black goat","volume":"39","author":"Hwang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Sci. Anim. Resour."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3182746","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/3182746","article-title":"How muscle structure and composition influence meat and flesh quality","volume":"2016","author":"Listrat","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. World J."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.5187\/jast.2021.e14","article-title":"Physicochemical and microbial characteristics of longissimus lumborum and biceps femoris muscles in Korean native black goat with wet-aging time","volume":"63","author":"Ali","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mo, M., Zhang, Z., Wang, X., Shen, W., Zhang, L., and Lin, S. (2023). Molecular mechanisms underlying the impact of muscle fiber types on meat quality in livestock and poultry. Front. Vet. Sci., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1284551"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107773","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2026.107773","article-title":"Effects of breeding system, type of muscle, camel species, country, and year of publication on camel meat fatty acid and amino acid profiles: A global systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"260","author":"Boukrouh","year":"2026","journal-title":"Small Rumin. Res."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.5194\/aab-67-481-2024","article-title":"Growth performance, carcass characteristics, fatty acid profile, and meat quality of male goat kids supplemented by alternative feed resources: Bitter vetch and sorghum grains","volume":"67","author":"Boukrouh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arch. Anim. Breed."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2621.1966.tb00472.x","article-title":"The solubility of intramuscular collagen in meat animals of various ages","volume":"31","author":"Hill","year":"1966","journal-title":"J. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meatsci.2018.03.026","article-title":"Contribution of collagen and connective tissue to cooked meat toughness; some paradigms reviewed","volume":"144","author":"Purslow","year":"2018","journal-title":"Meat Sci."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9280","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2023.2211671","article-title":"Contribution of intramuscular connective tissue and its structural components on meat tenderness-revisited: A review","volume":"64","author":"Roy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.5851\/kosfa.2021.e27","article-title":"Endogenous proteolytic systems and meat tenderness: Influence of post-mortem storage and processing","volume":"41","author":"Kaur","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Sci. Anim. Resour."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu, S., Chen, S., Li, H., Paengkoum, S., Taethaisong, N., Meethip, W., Surakhunthod, J., Sinpru, B., Sroichak, T., and Archa, P. (2022). Sustainable Valorization of Tomato Pomace (Lycopersicon esculentum) in Animal Nutrition: A Review. Animals, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12233294"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3714","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.16722","article-title":"Optimization of antioxidant and lycopene extraction from tomato pomace using Hansen solubility parameters and its application in chicken meat preservation","volume":"88","author":"Karoui","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, B., Xu, C.C., Liu, C., Qu, Y.H., Zhang, H., and Luo, H.L. (2021). The effect of dietary lycopene supplementation on drip loss during storage of lamb meat by iTRAQ analysis. Antioxidants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10020198"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2276","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2022.2122922","article-title":"Plant polyphenols regulating myoglobin oxidation and color stability in red meat and certain fish: A review","volume":"64","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10593","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.10593","article-title":"Transcriptome analysis reveals liver metabolism programming in kids from nutritional restricted goats during mid-gestation","volume":"9","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, X., Ji, Z., Xuan, R., Wang, A., Li, Q., Zhao, Y., Chao, T., and Wang, J. (2022). Characterization of the microRNA expression profiles in the goat kid liver. Front. Genet., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2021.794157"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.02.019","article-title":"The UDP-glucuronosyltransferases: Their role in drug metabolism and detoxification","volume":"45","author":"Rowland","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2017.11.018","article-title":"Transcriptome analysis reveals a positive role for nerve growth factor in retinol metabolism in primary rat hepatocytes","volume":"107","author":"Kao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livres.2020.05.001","article-title":"Up to date on cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) in bile acid synthesis","volume":"4","author":"Chiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Liver Res."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.3390\/jox11030007","article-title":"The central role of cytochrome P450 in xenobiotic metabolism\u2014A brief review on a fascinating enzyme family","volume":"11","author":"Esteves","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Xenobiot."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731107702070","article-title":"Key signalling factors and pathways in the molecular determination of skeletal muscle phenotype","volume":"1","author":"Chang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"skac035","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skac035","article-title":"Molecular and biochemical regulation of skeletal muscle metabolism","volume":"100","author":"Zumbaugh","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-019-0216-7","article-title":"The PI3K\u2013AKT network at the interface of oncogenic signalling and cancer metabolism","volume":"20","author":"Hoxhaj","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, W., Mao, L., Shu, X., Liu, R., Hao, F., Li, J., Liu, M., Yang, L., Zhang, W., and Sun, M. (2019). Transcriptome analysis reveals differential immune related genes expression in bovine viral diarrhea virus-2 infected goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). BMC Genom., 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-019-5830-y"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2020.114792","article-title":"Effects of dietary Macleaya cordata extract inclusion on transcriptomes and inflammatory response in the lower gut of early weaned goats","volume":"272","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol."}],"container-title":["Animals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/16\/19\/3114\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T09:15:01Z","timestamp":1791191701000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/16\/19\/3114"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["ani16193114"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani16193114","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2615"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2615","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]]}}}