{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T04:49:03Z","timestamp":1791953343473,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012032","name":"Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012032","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01hmx0351","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Doctoral School on the Agro-Food System (Agrisystem) of the Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03h7r5v07","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03h7r5v07","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Accurate measurement of enteric methane (CH4) emissions is essential for methane phenotyping, but established techniques may be costly and difficult to apply to large numbers of animals. This study evaluated a simple mask-based system for measuring CH4 concentration in exhaled breath of lactating dairy cows in comparison with CH4 production measured using GreenFeed. Thirty-two Holstein cows were evaluated, generating 60 paired observations. On each sampling day, exhaled breath was collected using the mask during three 5 min periods, and CH4 concentration was determined by micro gas chromatography. Mask CH4 concentration was positively associated with GreenFeed CH4 production (Pearson r = 0.616; Spearman \u03c1 = 0.606; p &lt; 0.001). The association remained significant after accounting for repeated observations within cows using a linear mixed-effects model (\u03b2 = 53.1 \u00b1 15.7 g\/day per 0.1 percentage-point increase in mask CH4, 95% CI: 22.3 to 84.0; p &lt; 0.001). An exploratory within-cow analysis was also performed in four cows evaluated over five sampling days. Positive within-cow correlations were observed in all four animals (r = 0.157\u20130.699), but none reached statistical significance (p &gt; 0.05). These results indicate that CH4 concentration measured using the mask contains information on differences in methane emission among cows and may have potential as a methane phenotyping measure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani16193156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T15:16:52Z","timestamp":1791472612000},"page":"3156","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association Between Methane Concentration Measured by a Modified Mask System and GreenFeed Methane Production in Dairy Cows"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3689-1883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Sfulcini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6965-7340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Lopreiato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, Universit\u00e0 di Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1277-7821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fiorenzo","family":"Piccioli-Cappelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1644-1911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erminio","family":"Trevisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy"},{"name":"Romeo and Enrica Invernizzi Research Center for Sustainable Dairy Production of the Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (CREI), 29122 Piacenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0617-6571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Minuti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2483","DOI":"10.2527\/1995.7382483x","article-title":"Methane Emissions from Cattle","volume":"73","author":"Johnson","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"s2","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731119003100","article-title":"Review: Fifty Years of Research on Rumen Methanogenesis: Lessons Learned and Future Challenges for Mitigation","volume":"14","author":"Beauchemin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"skac197","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skac197","article-title":"Quantification of Methane Emitted by Ruminants: A Review of Methods","volume":"100","author":"Tedeschi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19650046","article-title":"Prediction of the Amount of Methane Produced by Ruminants","volume":"19","author":"Blaxter","year":"1965","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, Y., Nan, X., Yang, L., Zheng, S., Jiang, L., and Xiong, B. (2020). A Review of Enteric Methane Emission Measurement Techniques in Ruminants. Animals, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10061004"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1021\/es00051a025","article-title":"Measurement of Methane Emissions from Ruminant Livestock Using a Sulfur Hexafluoride Tracer Technique","volume":"28","author":"Johnson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2015.02.008","article-title":"Methane Emissions from Cattle: Estimates from Short-Term Measurements Using a GreenFeed System Compared with Measurements Obtained Using Respiration Chambers or Sulphur Hexafluoride Tracer","volume":"203","author":"Hammond","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anim. Feed. Sci. 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Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle: Eighth Revised Edition, National Academies Press."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6655","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13536","article-title":"Symposium Review: Uncertainties in Enteric Methane Inventories, Measurement Techniques, and Prediction Models","volume":"101","author":"Hristov","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731115001603","article-title":"Use of Short-Term Breath Measures to Estimate Daily Methane Production by Cattle","volume":"10","author":"Velazco","year":"2016","journal-title":"Animal"}],"container-title":["Animals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/16\/19\/3156\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T04:22:08Z","timestamp":1791951728000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/16\/19\/3156"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["ani16193156"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani16193156","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2615"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2615","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]}}}