{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:10:04Z","timestamp":1760242204984,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,16]],"date-time":"2017-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1484524800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Whip use in horseracing is increasingly being questioned on ethical, animal welfare, social sustainability, and legal grounds. Despite this, there is weak evidence for whip use and its regulation by Stewards in Australia. To help address this, we characterised whip rule breaches recorded by Stewards using Stewards Reports and Race Diaries from 2013 and 2016 in New SouthWales (NSW) and the Australian Capital Territory (ACT). There were more recorded breaches at Metropolitan (M) than Country (C) or Provincial (P) locations, and by riders of horses that finished first, second, or third than by riders of horses that finished in other positions. The most commonly recorded breaches were forehand whip use on more than five occasions before the 100-metre (m) mark (44%), and whip use that raises the jockey\u2019s arm above shoulder height (24%). It is recommended that racing compliance data be analysed annually to inform the evidence-base for policy, education, and regulatory change, and ensure the welfare of racehorses and racing integrity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani7010004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,16]],"date-time":"2017-01-16T09:44:02Z","timestamp":1484559842000},"page":"4","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Whip Rule Breaches in a Major Australian Racing Jurisdiction: Welfare and Regulatory Implications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Hood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Room 206, R.M.C. Gunn Building, Sydney 2006, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carolyn","family":"McDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Room 206, R.M.C. Gunn Building, Sydney 2006, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bethany","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Room 206, R.M.C. Gunn Building, Sydney 2006, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Phil","family":"McManus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geosciences, University of Sydney, Room 435, F09, Madsen Building, Sydney 2006, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7220-8378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"McGreevy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Room 206, R.M.C. Gunn Building, Sydney 2006, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jveb.2010.04.001","article-title":"Ethical equitation: Applying a cost-benefit approach","volume":"5","author":"Jones","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Vet. Behav."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jveb.2011.02.010","article-title":"Holding the whip hand\u2014A note on the distribution of jockeys\u2019 whip hand preferences in Australian thoroughbred racing","volume":"6","author":"McGreevy","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Vet. Behav."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Evans, D., and McGreevy, P. (2011). An investigation of racing performance and whip use by jockeys in thoroughbred races. 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