{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:37:36Z","timestamp":1760240256832,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,13]],"date-time":"2019-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1555113600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>There is great need for veterinary care for working equids worldwide. Addressing this need provides an opportunity for veterinary students to gain primary care experience. An annual two week collaborative outreach and educational program with Michigan State University (MSU), the Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico (UNAM) and the Universidad Veracruzana (UV) was developed to provide care for working equids in rural Mexican communities. From 2017 to 2019 24 US veterinary students and 25 Mexican veterinary students, interns and residents examined, vaccinated and dewormed more than 2200 equids and performed more than 80 castrations, 100 rectal palpations for pregnancy diagnosis, 220 dental floats and 320 hoof trims. They also treated many wounds, sarcoids, vampire bat bites and tick infestations and also saw unusual cases including tetanus, eye injuries, nuchal bursitis, cervical vertebral malformation and suspected vesicular stomatitis. Development of the collaborative MSU-UNAM-UV Equine Welfare in Practice Clerkship required vision, learning, relationship building, creativity, fund-raising and perseverance to develop and agree on mutually beneficial objectives for all participants. The project is largely financed through private donations and supplies provided by pharmaceutical companies. The outcome has been a highly successful program that could be used as a model by other Colleges of Veterinary Medicine world-wide.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani9040164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,15]],"date-time":"2019-04-15T11:15:58Z","timestamp":1555326958000},"page":"164","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Equine Welfare in Practice: A Collaborative Outreach and Education Program with Michigan State University, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, and Universidad Veracruzana"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"suffix":"II","given":"Harold C.","family":"Schott","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, 736 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Estrada-Coates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Miguel \u00c1ngel de Quevedo s\/n, esquina Y\u00e1\u00f1ez, Colonia Unidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, Veracruz C.P. 91710, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Alva-Trujillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Miguel \u00c1ngel de Quevedo s\/n, esquina Y\u00e1\u00f1ez, Colonia Unidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, Veracruz C.P. 91710, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annette D.","family":"Petersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, 736 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc A.","family":"Kinsley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, 736 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melissa M.","family":"Esser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, 736 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jose","family":"Casillas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, 736 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Garcia-Seco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Ciudad Universitaria, D.F. M\u00e9xico C.P. 04501, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mauro","family":"Madariaga-Najera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Segundo edificio, Planta Baja, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Ciudad Universitaria, D.F. M\u00e9xico C.P. 04501, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Antonio","family":"Fernando Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Segundo edificio, Planta Baja, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Ciudad Universitaria, D.F. M\u00e9xico C.P. 04501, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arturo","family":"Herrera-Le\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Segundo edificio, Planta Baja, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Ciudad Universitaria, D.F. M\u00e9xico C.P. 04501, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariano","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Ciudad Universitaria, D.F. M\u00e9xico C.P. 04501, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,13]]},"reference":[{"unstructured":"Knottenbelt, D.C. (2015, January 5\u20139). Why are working equids still important to us and are we forgetting them?. Proceedings of the 61st Annual Convention of the American Association of Equine Practitioners, Las Vegas, NV, USA.","key":"ref_1"},{"unstructured":"(2019, February 28). Equitarian Initiative. Available online: https:\/\/www.equitarianinitiative.org.","key":"ref_2"},{"unstructured":"Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (2019, February 28). Database: FAOSTAT 2017. Available online: http:\/\/www.fao.org\/faostat\/en\/#data\/QA.","key":"ref_3"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1591(98)00117-8","article-title":"The welfare of working equids in Mexico","volume":"59","year":"1998","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2005.02.002","article-title":"Assessment of the welfare of working horses, mules and donkeys, using health and behaviour parameters","volume":"69","author":"Pritchard","year":"2005","journal-title":"Prev. 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Health Prod."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1080\/10888705.2017.1351365","article-title":"Application of the hands-on donkey tool for assessing the welfare of working equids at Tuliman, Mexico","volume":"21","author":"Galindo","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Appl. Anim. Welf. Sci."},{"unstructured":"Vald\u00e9z-Cruz, M.P., Hern\u00e1ndez-Gil, M., Galindo-Rodr\u00edguez, L., and Alonso-D\u00edaz, M.A. (November, January 30). Gastrointestinal parasite burden, body condition and haematological values in equines in the humid tropical areas of Mexico. Proceedings of the 5th International Colloquium on Working Equines, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.","key":"ref_10"},{"unstructured":"Fernando-Mart\u00ednez, J.A., Hern\u00e1ndez-Gil, M., de Aluja, A.S., Herrera-Le\u00f3n, A., and Val\u00e1zquez-Ram\u00edrez, J.L. (November, January 30). Prevalence of dental disorders in rural working equines of Mexico. Proceedings of the 5th International Colloquium on Working Equines, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.","key":"ref_11"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"33","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Equine Infectious Anemia in equines at the state of Veracruz, Mexico","volume":"52","year":"2018","journal-title":"Agrociencia"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"47","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Equine Piroplasmosis in three regions in the state of Veracruz, Mexico","volume":"52","year":"2018","journal-title":"Agrociencia"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12633","article-title":"Owner reported diseases of working equids in central Ethiopia","volume":"49","author":"Stringer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Equine Vet. 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