{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T09:35:58Z","timestamp":1793266558660,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,21]],"date-time":"2019-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1555804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008777","name":"Minist\u00e8re de l'Agriculture, des P\u00eacheries et de l'Alimentation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["116567"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["116567"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008777","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Black soldier fly (BSF) larvae represent a promising alternative ingredient for animal feed. Post-production processing can, however, affect their quality. This project aimed to optimize larval killing by comparing the effects on the nutritional and microbiological quality of 10 methods, i.e., blanching (B = 40 s), desiccation (D = 60 \u00b0C, 30 min), freezing (F20 = \u221220 \u00b0C, 1 h; F40 = \u221240 \u00b0C, 1 h; N = liquid nitrogen, 40 s), high hydrostatic pressure (HHP = 3 min, 600 MPa), grinding (G = 2 min) and asphyxiation (CO2 = 120 h; N2 = 144 h; vacuum conditioning, V = 120 h). Some methods affected the pH (B, asphyxiation), total moisture (B, asphyxiation and D) and ash contents (B, p &lt; 0.001). The lipid content (asphyxiation) and their oxidation levels (B, asphyxiation and D) were also affected (p &lt; 0.001). Killing methods altered the larvae colour during freeze-drying and in the final product. Blanching appears to be the most appropriate strategy since it minimizes lipid oxidation (primary = 4.6 \u00b1 0.7 mg cumen hydroperoxide (CHP) equivalents\/kg; secondary = 1.0 \u00b1 0.1 mg malondialdehyde\/kg), reduces microbial contamination and initiates dehydration (water content = 78.1 \u00b1 1.0%). We propose herein, an optimized protocol to kill BSF that meet the Canadian regulatory requirements of the insect production and processing industry.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani9040182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,22]],"date-time":"2019-04-22T11:02:53Z","timestamp":1555930973000},"page":"182","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":128,"title":["Effects of Killing Methods on Lipid Oxidation, Colour and Microbial Load of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Larouche","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement des Sciences Animales, Pavillon Paul-Comtois Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-H\u00e9l\u00e8ne","family":"Deschamps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement des Sciences Animales, Pavillon Paul-Comtois Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Saucier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement des Sciences Animales, Pavillon Paul-Comtois Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yolaine","family":"Lebeuf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement des Sciences Animales, Pavillon Paul-Comtois Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9293-8036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alain","family":"Doyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement des Sciences des Aliments, Pavillon Paul-Comtois Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grant W.","family":"Vandenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement des Sciences Animales, Pavillon Paul-Comtois Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oonincx, D.G., van Broekhoven, S., van Huis, A., and van Loon, J.J. 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