{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T17:12:30Z","timestamp":1789060350952,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,30]],"date-time":"2019-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study was to determine how polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supplementation can affect the productive and reproductive performance in dairy cows subjected to a fixed-time artificial insemination (TAI) protocol under farm conditions. One hundred and ninety-eight Holstein non-pregnant cows were used. Treatments consisted of a control diet (CON), without added oil, and two diets supplemented with either 2.3% soybean oil (SOY) or 2.3% linseed oil (LIN) as dry matter. The diets were formulated to be isoenergetic and isoproteic. Dry matter intake and milk yield were similar among treatments (p &gt; 0.05). Both the percentage of fat (p = 0.011) and protein (p = 0.022) were higher in milk from animals not fed with oil (CON). The greatest saturated fatty acid (SFA) concentration (p &lt; 0.0001) was observed in milk from cows fed the control diet, without added oil. The monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), PUFA, and the n-3 PUFA content was higher (p &lt; 0.0001) in the milk from animals fed with oil with respect to the control treatment. The C18:2 cis-9, trans-11 in the milk of animals fed with oil supplements was significantly higher (p &lt; 0.0001) than in that of the control group. Animals supplemented with linseed oil tended to show higher plasma progesterone level (p = 0.09) and a higher number of pregnant cows on the first artificial insemination (p = 0.07). These animals tended to reduce the number of TAI (p = 0.08). In brief, results showed that vegetable oils rich in PUFA supplementation considerably improve the nutritional profile of milk. PUFA n-3 supplementation slightly improves some reproductive parameters in dairy cows subjected to the fixed-time artificial insemination (TAI) protocol.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani9050205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,30]],"date-time":"2019-04-30T08:51:44Z","timestamp":1556614304000},"page":"205","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Vegetable Oils Rich in Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Supplementation of Dairy Cows\u2019 Diets: Effects on Productive and Reproductive Performance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Teresa","family":"Castro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 20840 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kemin Animal Nutrition and Health-EMENA, 2200 Herentals, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Isabel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 20840 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Almudena","family":"Cabezas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 20840 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4360-2883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vicente","family":"Jimeno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agricultural, Food and Biosystems Engineering, Polytechnic. University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(98)75644-9","article-title":"Influence of supplemental fats on reproductive tissues and performance of lactating cows","volume":"81","author":"Staples","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Garnsworthy, P.C., and Wiseman, J. (2005). Effects of fatty acids on reproduction in dairy cows. Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition, Nottingham University Press."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2012.02.002","article-title":"The role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in reproduction of sheep and cattle","volume":"131","author":"Gulliver","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(98)00008-9","article-title":"Influence of linoleic\/linolenic acid ratio in the diet of periparturient cattle on plasma concentrations of PGF2\u03b1, metabolite and placental expulsion rate","volume":"49","author":"Kemp","year":"1998","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Gulliver, C.E., Piltz, J.W., Friend, M.A., and Clayton, E.H. (December, January 30). Improving the omega-3 status of sheep by feeding silage. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society of Australia, Perth, Australia."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meatsci.2006.05.002","article-title":"Innovations in beef production systems that enhance the nutritional health value of beef lipids and their relationship with meat quality","volume":"74","author":"Scollan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Meat Sci."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2598","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(03)73855-7","article-title":"Comparison of grass and legume silages for milk production 1. Production responses with different levels of concentrate","volume":"86","author":"Dewhurst","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1530\/rep.0.1220131","article-title":"Lipid and fatty acid analysis of fresh and frozen-thawed immature and in vitro matured bovine oocytes","volume":"122","author":"Kim","year":"2001","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-74087-4_1","article-title":"Trans fatty acids and bioactive lipids in ruminant milk","volume":"606","author":"Shingfield","year":"2008","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1002\/ejlt.201400543","article-title":"Manipulation of milk fatty acid composition in lactating cows: Opportunities and challenges","volume":"118","author":"Kliem","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2007.03.005","article-title":"Effect of extruded linseed on productive and reproductive performance of lactating dairy cows","volume":"113","author":"Fuentes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Livest. Sci."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.20870\/productions-animales.2010.23.4.3310","article-title":"L\u2019apport de lin dans la ration des vaches laiti\u00e8res: Effets sur la production, la composition du lait et des produits laitiers, les \u00e9missions de m\u00e9thane et les performances de reproduction","volume":"23","author":"Brunschwig","year":"2010","journal-title":"INRA Prod. Anim."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) (2007). Alimentation des bovins, ovins et caprins. Besoins des animaux-Valeurs des aliments-Tables INRA 2007, Editions Quae."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3583","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2","article-title":"Methods for dietary fiber neutral detergent fiber and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition","volume":"74","author":"Robertson","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"International Organization for Standardization (ISO) (1997). Native Starch Determination of Starch Content. Ewers Polarimetric Method ISO10520, ISO."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"International Dairy Federation (IDF) (2000). Determination of Milk Fat, Protein and Lactose Content. Guidance on the Operation of Mid-Infrared Instruments, IDF Standard 141C."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1021\/jf00084a019","article-title":"Rapid method for determination of total fatty acid content and composition of feedstuffs and feces","volume":"36","author":"Sukhija","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-998-0239-1","article-title":"Distributions of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers in tissue lipid classes of pigs fed a commercial CLA mixture determined by gas chromatography and silver ion-high performance liquid chromatography","volume":"33","author":"Kramer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lipids"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)64849-5","article-title":"A simple method for isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues","volume":"226","author":"Folch","year":"1957","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)38081-0","article-title":"A simple procedure for rapid transmethylation of glycerolipids and cholesteryl esters","volume":"23","author":"Christie","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.2307\/1267921","article-title":"A comparison of four procedures for multiple comparisons among means (pairwise contrasts) for arbitrary samples sizes","volume":"18","author":"Ury","year":"1976","journal-title":"Technometrics"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2588","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(03)73854-5","article-title":"The effect of breed parity and stage of lactation on conjugated linoleic acid (cla) in milk fat from dairy cows","volume":"86","author":"Kelsey","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1016\/S0955-2863(01)00180-2","article-title":"The role of \u22069-desaturase in the production of cis-9,trans-11 CLA","volume":"12","author":"Corl","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)91846-M","article-title":"Coronary heart disease: Seven dietary factors","volume":"338","author":"Ulbricht","year":"1991","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3851","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(93)77727-9","article-title":"Lipid metabolism in the rumen","volume":"76","author":"Jenkins","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2007-0344","article-title":"Response of milk fatty acid composition to dietary supplementation of soy oil, conjugated linoleic acid, or both","volume":"91","author":"Huang","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2007-0410","article-title":"Milk fatty acid composition of grazing dairy cows when supplemented with linseed oil","volume":"91","author":"Flowers","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19830051","article-title":"Digestion and synthesis in the rumen of sheep given diets supplemented with free and protected oils","volume":"49","author":"Sutton","year":"1983","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S15","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19970132","article-title":"Digestion and metabolism of dietary fat in farm animals","volume":"78","author":"Doreau","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3999","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(03)74011-9","article-title":"Effect of linseed oil supplementation on ruminal digestion in dairy cows fed diets with different forage:concentrate","volume":"86","author":"Ueda","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10061","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2017-12924","article-title":"A 100-Year Review: Fat feeding of dairy cows","volume":"100","author":"Palmquist","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1002\/ejlt.200700080","article-title":"Diet, rumen biohydrogenation and nutritional quality of cow and goat milk fat","volume":"109","author":"Chilliard","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/138.2.403","article-title":"Regulation of fat synthesis by conjugated linoleic acid: Lactation and the ruminant model","volume":"138","author":"Bauman","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-008-3216-z","article-title":"Effect of CLA and other C18 unsaturated fatty acids on DGAT in bovine milk fat biosynthesis systems","volume":"43","author":"Brent","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lipids"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(05)72736-3","article-title":"Relationship among trans and conjugated fatty acids and bovine milk fat yield due to dietary concentrate and linseed oil","volume":"88","author":"Loor","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(06)72134-8","article-title":"Examination of the persistency of milk fatty acid composition responses to fish oil and sunflower oil in the diet of dairy cows","volume":"89","author":"Shingfield","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2007-0232","article-title":"Effects of monensin and dietary soybean oil on milk fat percentage and milk fatty acid profile in lactating dairy cows","volume":"91","author":"Alzahal","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2004.02.009","article-title":"Response of lactating cows to three supplemental fat sources as affected by forage in the diet and stage of lactation: A meta-analysis of literature","volume":"115","author":"Onetti","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-6226(03)00118-0","article-title":"Effects of fat supplementation on milk production and composition by dairy cows on pasture: A review","volume":"86","author":"Schroeder","year":"2004","journal-title":"Livest. Prod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2043","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(92)77964-8","article-title":"Nutritional factors influencing the nitrogen composition of bovine milk: A review","volume":"75","author":"Cant","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(07)71585-0","article-title":"Effectiveness of oils rich in linoleic and linolenic acids to enhance conjugated linoleic acid in milk from dairy cows","volume":"90","author":"Bu","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3244","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(91)78510-X","article-title":"Effect of feed on the composition of milk fat","volume":"74","author":"Grummer","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2580","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2008-2003","article-title":"Flaxseed supplementation improves fatty acid profile of cow milk","volume":"93","author":"Caroprese","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-8401(94)90039-6","article-title":"Digestion and utilization of fatty acids by ruminants","volume":"45","author":"Doreau","year":"1994","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.23.011702.073408","article-title":"Nutritional regulation of milk fat synthesis","volume":"23","author":"Bauman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4047","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(03)74016-8","article-title":"Use of principal component analysis to investigate the origin of heptadecenoic and conjugated linoleic acids in milk","volume":"86","author":"Fievez","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/76.3.504","article-title":"Bioconversion of vaccenic acid to conjugated linoleic acid in humans","volume":"76","author":"Turpeinen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5073","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2007-0223","article-title":"Factors affecting conception rates following artificial insemination or embryo transfer in lactating Holstein cows","volume":"90","author":"Demetrio","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3935","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2009-2201","article-title":"Effects of rumen-protected polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on reproductive performance of Bos indicus beef cows","volume":"87","author":"Lopess","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2567","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(06)72333-5","article-title":"Treatment of cycling and noncycling lactating dairy cows with progesterone during Ovsynch","volume":"89","author":"Stevenson","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2009-2301","article-title":"Supplementation of progesterone via controlled internal drug release inserts during ovulation synchronization protocols in lactating dairy cows","volume":"93","author":"Chebel","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3066","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(06)72581-4","article-title":"Lower pregnancy losses in lactating dairy cows fed a diet enriched in alpha-linolenic acid","volume":"89","author":"Ambrose","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2005.02.007","article-title":"Post insemination milk progesterone concentration and embryo survival in dairy cows","volume":"64","author":"Stronge","year":"2005","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2004.12.005","article-title":"Effects of time of progesterone supplementation on embryo development and interferon-\u03c4 production in the cow","volume":"171","author":"Mann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2006.04.029","article-title":"Conception rate and reproductive function of dairy cows fed different fat sources","volume":"66","author":"Petit","year":"2006","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3838","DOI":"10.2527\/1991.6993838x","article-title":"Effects of dietary fat on metabolic disorders and reproductive performance of dairy cattle","volume":"69","author":"Grummer","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(02)74220-3","article-title":"The effect of oilseeds in diets of lactating cows on milk production and methane emissions","volume":"85","author":"Johnson","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3889","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(04)73528-6","article-title":"Effect of feeding whole unprocessed sunflower seeds and flaxseed on milk production milk composition and prostaglandin secretion in dairy cows","volume":"87","author":"Petit","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2010-3748","article-title":"Performance, metabolic, and endocrine responses of periparturient Holstein cows fed 3 sources of fat","volume":"94","author":"Lock","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1530\/rep.0.1240119","article-title":"Effects of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids on ovarian and uterine function","volume":"124","author":"Robinson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.155.19.583","article-title":"Relationships between the plasma concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I in dairy cows and their fertility and milk yield","volume":"155","author":"Taylor","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3360","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(06)72373-6","article-title":"Pregnancy bovine somatotropin and dietary n-3 fatty acids in lactating dairy cows: I. Ovarian conceptus and growth hormone\u2013insulin-like growth factor system responses","volume":"89","author":"Bilby","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7039","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2012-5502","article-title":"Effects of calcium salts of polyunsaturated fatty acids on productive and reproductive parameters of lactating Holstein cows","volume":"95","author":"Reis","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_64","first-page":"2913","article-title":"High fat diets increase plasma cholecystokinin and pancreatic polypeptide, and decrease plasma insulin and feed intake in lactating cows","volume":"126","author":"Choi","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2527\/jas2000.77E-Suppl1n","article-title":"Dietary fats as reproductive nutraceuticals in beef cattle","volume":"77","author":"Williams","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1051\/rnd:2005059","article-title":"Effect of dietary energy source on energy balance, production, metabolic disorders and reproduction in lactating dairy cattle","volume":"45","author":"Dijkstra","year":"2005","journal-title":"Reprod. Nutr. Dev."}],"container-title":["Animals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/9\/5\/205\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T12:48:10Z","timestamp":1760186890000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/9\/5\/205"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,30]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]}},"alternative-id":["ani9050205"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani9050205","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2615"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2615","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,30]]}}}