{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:40:20Z","timestamp":1760190020041,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,30]],"date-time":"2019-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564444800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The use of nutraceuticals as immunomodulators in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis has generated interest in the current approaches to treat the disease. In this clinical and immunological study, we investigated whether the administration of a nutritional supplement mediates the immune-modulatory response in canine leishmaniosis (CL) and improves the clinical outcome of the disease. With this purpose, we analysed T lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood (PB) of 12 dogs naturally infected by Leishmania infantum, following treatment with a nutritional supplement. The regulatory T (Treg) cells and the T helper (Th) 1 population were specifically evaluated. The animals underwent complete clinical examination and blood sample collection for haematological, biochemical, serological and immunological analysis before treatment (T0), one month (T30) and 3 months (T90) after the onset of the nutraceutical supplementation. We observed that nutraceutical supplementation was associated with immunomodulation of Th1 response and significant clinical improvement of the animals. No side effects were observed. Therefore, a potential supportive role for the nutraceutical supplement during canine leishmaniasis is proposed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani9080501","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,30]],"date-time":"2019-07-30T11:15:56Z","timestamp":1564485356000},"page":"501","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Clinical and Immunological Response in Dogs Naturally Infected by L. infantum Treated with a Nutritional Supplement"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7876-8800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pietro","family":"Lombardi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Napoli NA, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna Teresa","family":"Palatucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza PZ, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Giovazzino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza PZ, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Mastellone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Napoli NA, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppina","family":"Ruggiero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Napoli NA, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Rubino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Napoli NA, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9490-9933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadia","family":"Musco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Napoli NA, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7629-3132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosalia","family":"Crupi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina ME, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2493-9317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica Isabella","family":"Cutrignelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Napoli NA, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7355-8791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domenico","family":"Britti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro CZ, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Vassalotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Napoli NA, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3556-6891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Terrazzano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza PZ, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Napoli NA, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Cortese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Napoli NA, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-483R.1","article-title":"Transplacental Transmission of a North American Isolate of Leishmania infantum in an Experimentally Infected Beagle","volume":"91","author":"Rosypal","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. 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