{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:44:28Z","timestamp":1760240668070,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,28]],"date-time":"2019-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Omnigen-AF (OAF) increases leukocyte functions in immunosuppressed animal models and reduces incidence of infectious diseases in early lactating dairy cows, although its mode of action is still unclear. This study aims to provide a wider perspective of the metabolic effect of OAF to test its potential as a strategy to address metabolic disorders of the transition period. A group of 10 Holstein dairy cows were divided into 2 groups: The treated group (IMS; 5 cows) received 32.5 g of OAF twice a day (65 g d\u22121) as top-dress in the morning and afternoon feeds from \u221255 to 42 days from calving (DFC), whereas the control group (CTR; 5 cows) received no supplementation. From \u221262 to 42 DFC, body condition score, body weight, dry matter intake, rumination time and milk yield were measured; blood samples were collected weekly to assess a wide hematochemical profile and to test white blood cell functions by ex-vivo challenge assays. At 30 DFC, rumen fluid was collected and analyzed for pH, volatile fatty acids composition, urea nitrogen, and lactate contents. Data were submitted to ANOVA using a mixed model for repeated measures, including treatment, time, and their interaction as fixed effects. OAF decreased blood nonesterified fatty acids and beta hydroxybutyrate concentrations and increased rumination time in early lactation. Leukocytes from IMS cows had lower lactate production and lower glucose consumption after ex-vivo stimulation. OAF did not reduce the acute phase response indicators and reduced the blood concentrations of albumin and antioxidants after calving, suggesting impairment of hepatic functions related to protein synthesis and antioxidant management. Nevertheless, the lack of effect on bilirubin and liver enzymes refutes the possibility of severe liver damage occurring with OAF supplementation. Positive effects in reducing mobilization of body fats and ketogenesis and in increasing rumination time after calving suggest OAF effectiveness in preventing metabolic disorders of the transition period.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani9090619","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,28]],"date-time":"2019-08-28T11:23:18Z","timestamp":1566991398000},"page":"619","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Administration of an Immune Stimulant during the Transition Period Improved Lipid Metabolism and Rumination without Affecting Inflammatory Status"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6554-0022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Mezzetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Science, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Minuti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Science, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1277-7821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fiorenzo","family":"Piccioli-Cappelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Science, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9172-5127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianfranco","family":"Gabai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1644-1911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erminio","family":"Trevisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Science, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4967","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2015-10354","article-title":"Nutritional strategies to optimize dairy cattle immunity","volume":"99","author":"Sordillo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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