{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T05:52:13Z","timestamp":1772517133725,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,23]],"date-time":"2019-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012245","name":"Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018B020203002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018B020203002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012245","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Key laboratory of preventive veterinary medicine, Guangdong education department","award":["2014 KT SPT037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014 KT SPT037"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Artificial insemination (AI) has been used globally as a routine technology in the swine production industry. However, genetic parameters and genomic prediction accuracy of semen traits have seldom been reported. In this study, we estimated genetic parameters and conducted genomic prediction for five types of sperm morphology abnormalities in a large Duroc boar population. The estimated heritability of the studied traits ranged from 0.029 to 0.295. In the random cross-validation scenario, the predictive ability ranged from 0.212 to 0.417 for genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP) and from 0.249 to 0.565 for single-step GBLUP (ssGBLUP). In the forward prediction scenario, the predictive ability ranged from 0.069 to 0.389 for GBLUP and from 0.085 to 0.483 for ssGBLUP. In conclusion, the studied sperm morphology abnormalities showed moderate to low heritability. Both GBLUP and ssGBLUP showed comparative predictive abilities of breeding values, and ssGBLUP outperformed GBLUP under many circumstances in respect to predictive ability. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the genetic parameters and genomic predictive ability of these traits were reported in such a large Duroc boar population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani9100710","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,23]],"date-time":"2019-09-23T03:26:32Z","timestamp":1569209192000},"page":"710","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Genetic Parameter Estimation and Genomic Prediction of Duroc Boars\u2019 Sperm Morphology Abnormalities"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Yunxiang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China"},{"name":"Department of pig breeding, Guangxi Yangxiang Agriculture and Husbandry Co., LTD, Guigang 537100, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9216-2725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ning","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7560-068X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jian","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Science Department, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saeed","family":"El-Ashram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of pig breeding, Guangxi Yangxiang Agriculture and Husbandry Co., LTD, Guigang 537100, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Conglin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of pig breeding, Guangxi Yangxiang Agriculture and Husbandry Co., LTD, Guigang 537100, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhili","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/157.4.1819","article-title":"Prediction of total genetic value using genome-wide dense marker maps","volume":"157","author":"Meuwissen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4414","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2007-0980","article-title":"Efficient methods to compute genomic predictions","volume":"91","author":"VanRaden","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Habier, D., Fernando, R.L., Kizilkaya, K., and Garrick, D.J. (2011). Extension of the bayesian alphabet for genomic selection. BMC Bioinf., 12.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-12-186"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.113.151753","article-title":"Priors in whole-genome regression: The Bayesian alphabet returns","volume":"194","author":"Gianola","year":"2013","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4656","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2009-2061","article-title":"A relationship matrix including full pedigree and genomic information","volume":"92","author":"Legarra","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1297-9686-42-2","article-title":"Genomic prediction when some animals are not genotyped","volume":"42","author":"Christensen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Genet. Sel. Evol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Z., Ober, U., Erbe, M., Zhang, H., Gao, N., He, J., Li, J., and Simianer, H. (2014). Improving the accuracy of whole genome prediction for complex traits using the results of genome wide association studies. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0093017"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"1434","article-title":"Empirical comparison between different methods for genomic prediction of number of piglets born alive in moderate sized breeding populations","volume":"95","author":"Fangmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731112000742","article-title":"Single-step methods for genomic evaluation in pigs","volume":"6","author":"Christensen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kang, H., Ning, C., Zhou, L., Zhang, S., Yan, Q., and Liu, J. (2018). Short communication: Single-step genomic evaluation of milk production traits using multiple-trait random regression model in Chinese Holsteins. J. Dairy Sci., 101.","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15090"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2775","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2014-8975","article-title":"Single-step genomic evaluation using multitrait random regression model and test-day data","volume":"98","author":"Koivula","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"1","article-title":"Weighted single\u2014Step genomic BLUP improves accuracy of genomic breeding values for protein content in French dairy goats: A quantitative trait influenced by a major gene","volume":"31","author":"Teissier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genet. Sel. Evol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s12711-016-0279-9","article-title":"Comparison of alternative approaches to single-trait genomic prediction using genotyped and non-genotyped Hanwoo beef cattle","volume":"49","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Genet. Sel. Evol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2893","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2009-2555","article-title":"Heritabilities and genetic correlations for litter size and semen traits in Czech Large White and Landrace pigs","volume":"9","author":"Wolf","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4251","DOI":"10.2527\/jas2017.1683","article-title":"Genetic parameters for semen quality and quantity traits in five pig lines","volume":"10","author":"Marques","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.12554","article-title":"New Approaches to Boar Semen Evaluation, Processing and Improvement","volume":"50","author":"Sutovsky","year":"2015","journal-title":"Reprod. Domest. Anim."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1086\/519795","article-title":"PLINK: A Tool Set for Whole-Genome Association and Population-Based Linkage Analyses","volume":"813","author":"Purcell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.2307\/2529430","article-title":"Best Linear Unbiased Estimation and Prediction under a Selection Model","volume":"31","author":"Henderson","year":"1975","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"215","article-title":"Residual Maximum Likelihood Estimation of (Co) Variance Components in Multivariate Mixed Linear Models using Average Information","volume":"49","author":"Jensen","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Indian Soc. Agric. Stat."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Misztal, I., Tsuruta, S., Strabel, T., Auvray, B., Druet, T., and Lee, D.H. (2002, January 19\u201323). BLUPF90 and related programs (BGF90). Proceedings of the 7th World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production, Montpellier, France."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1297-9686-41-55","article-title":"Deregressing estimated breeding values and weighting information for genomic regression analyses","volume":"41","author":"Garrick","year":"2009","journal-title":"Genet. Sel. Evol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/1297-9686-41-51","article-title":"Accuracy of genomic breeding values in multi-breed dairy cattle populations","volume":"41","author":"Hayes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Genet. Sel. Evol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0388.2003.00444.x","article-title":"Approximating prediction error covariances among additive genetic effects within animals in multiple-trait and random regression models","volume":"121","author":"Tier","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Anim. Breed. Genet."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"1","article-title":"Boar management and semen handling factors affect the quality of boar extended semen","volume":"15","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Porc. Heal. Manag."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"335","article-title":"Contribution of semen trait selection, artificial insemination technique, and semen dose to the profitability of pig production systems: A simulation study","volume":"2","author":"Knox","year":"2016","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.12558","article-title":"Efficient Boar Semen Production and Genetic Contribution: The Impact of Low-Dose Artificial Insemination on Fertility","volume":"50","author":"Broekhuijse","year":"2015","journal-title":"Reprod. Domest. Anim."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.22875","article-title":"Genetic control of complex traits, with a focus on reproduction in pigs","volume":"84","author":"Zak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Reprod. Dev."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s12711-018-0386-x","article-title":"The effect of the H(-1) scaling factors tau and omega on the structure of H in the single-step procedure","volume":"50","author":"Martini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genet. Sel. Evol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1017\/S0016672312000274","article-title":"Genome-wide association mapping including phenotypes from relatives without genotypes","volume":"94","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Genet. Res."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2016.00151","article-title":"Weighting Strategies for Single-Step Genomic BLUP: An Iterative Approach for Accurate Calculation of GEBV and GWAS","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3142","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15650","article-title":"Accuracy of genomic evaluation with weighted single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction for milk production traits, udder type traits, and somatic cell scores in French dairy goats","volume":"102","author":"Teissier","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."}],"container-title":["Animals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/9\/10\/710\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:23:02Z","timestamp":1760188982000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/9\/10\/710"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,23]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]}},"alternative-id":["ani9100710"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani9100710","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2615"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2615","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,23]]}}}