{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T22:44:37Z","timestamp":1787870677183,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,27]],"date-time":"2019-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31772560, 31372285"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31772560, 31372285"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Priority Academic Program Development (PAPD) of Jiangsu Higher Education Institution","award":["no"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["no"]}]},{"name":"Qing Lan Project of Yangzhou University","award":["no"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["no"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) plays an important role in immune system. In this study, we performed transcriptome analysis of the duodenum in E. coli F18-resistant and -sensitive Sutai weaned piglets and analyzed the differential expression of TLR5. The cellular localization of TLR5 was investigated, and the effect of TLR5 expression on E. coli invasion was evaluated after pig small intestinal epithelial cell lines (IPEC-J2) were stimulated by E. coli. The results showed that TLR5 expression level in duodenum and jejunum were significantly higher in E. coli F18-sensitive than in E. coli F18-resistant piglets. TLR5 protein was mainly expressed in the cytoplasm and cell membrane. The expression of genes associated with the TLR5 signaling pathway were significantly higher in TLR5-overexpressed cells than in control cells. Bacterial adhesion was higher in TLR5-overexpressed cells than in blank cells and lower in TLR5 interference than in blank cells. The core promoter region of TLR5 included two CpG islands and 16 acting elements. The methylation of the mC-6 site in the second CpG island of the promoter region had a regulatory effect on TLR5 expression. Therefore, TLR5 plays an important regulatory role on E. coli invasion. Low expression of TLR5 inhibited the immune response and decreased cell damage, which was conducive to the resistance to E. coli stimulation. In conclusion, this study preliminarily revealed the molecular mechanism of TLR5 gene regulating the resistance of piglets to Escherichia coli, and provided a new candidate gene for screening Escherichia coli resistance markers in pigs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani9100735","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,27]],"date-time":"2019-09-27T11:14:35Z","timestamp":1569582875000},"page":"735","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Regulation and Molecular Mechanism of TLR5 on Resistance to Escherichia coli F18 in Weaned Piglets"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Chaohui","family":"Dai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haifei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shenglong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture &amp; Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5486-2253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenbin","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture &amp; Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2015.02.025","article-title":"Toll-like receptors: Activation, signalling and transcriptional modulation","volume":"74","author":"De","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12442","article-title":"Expression of toll-like receptors 1\u20135 but not TLR 6\u201310 is elevated in livers of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"35","author":"Kanuri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Liver Int."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12109","article-title":"Bacterial inhibition of inflammatory responses via TLR-independent mechanisms","volume":"15","author":"Kravchenko","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1089\/adt.2015.664","article-title":"Assay Development for Image-Based Quantification of Intracellular Bacterial Replication and Analysis of the Innate Immune Response to Infection","volume":"13","author":"Miller","year":"2015","journal-title":"Assay Drug Dev. 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