{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:52:05Z","timestamp":1760241125577,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,28]],"date-time":"2019-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31872318","31601923"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31872318","31601923"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Key Project for Jiangsu Agricultural New Variety Innovation","award":["PZCZ201732"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PZCZ201732"]}]},{"name":"the Construction of Huaian Academy of Nanjing Agricultural University","award":["BM2017020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BM2017020"]}]},{"name":"the Jiangsu Modern Agriculture (Pig) Industry Technology Construction Project","award":["SXGC(2018)275"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SXGC(2018)275"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aims of this study were to assess the effects of increasing levels of DFRB as a replacement for corns on intestinal physical barrier function and bacteria of finishing pigs. A total of 35 castrated finishing pigs (age: 158.5 \u00b1 2.0 d, initial body weight: 62.9 \u00b1 0.8 kg) were randomly divided into five dietary treatments (seven replicates\/treatment) for a 28-day experimental period, i.e., a control diet with basal diet, and four experimental diets in which maize was replaced by 7%, 14%, 21%, and 28% DFRB, respectively. The results showed that serum endotoxins concentration and diamine oxidase (DAO) activity were both increased (linear, p = 0.0004, 0.001, respectively) with DFRB level. However, compared with control group, serum endotoxins concentration and DAO activity were not different in pigs fed with 7% DFRB in the diet. There was a quadratic response in serum D-lactate concentration to the increased DFRB (quadratic, p = 0.021). In the cecum, thickness of the intestinal wall significantly increased with increasing levels of DFRB in the diets (linear, p = 0.033), while crypt depth\/thickness of the intestinal wall ratio significantly decreased with increasing level of DFRB in the diets (linear, p = 0.043). In the jejunum, total bacteria, Escherichia coli, and Bifidobacterium all responded quadratically to increasing levels of DFRB in the diets (quadratic, p = 0.003, 0.001, 0.006, respectively). Additionally, there was no difference in Escherichia coli in pigs fed 0%, 7%, and 14% DFRB diets. In the colon, there were quadratic responses in C. perfringens to the increased DFRB (quadratic, p = 0.023). C. perfringens reduced as the DFRB concentration increased from 0% to 14% and then increased. When D-lactate, total bacteria, Escherichia coli, Bifidobacterium, and C. perfringens were considered, the optimal substitution level of DFRB were 12.00%, 11.84%, 7.50%, 8.92%, and 15.92%, respectively. In conclusion, 7% DFRB had a beneficial effect on intestinal wall thickness, Bifidobacterium and C. perfringens, and had no adverse effect on intestinal permeability and Escherichia coli.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani9121039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,28]],"date-time":"2019-11-28T08:14:04Z","timestamp":1574928844000},"page":"1039","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Effects of Increasing Levels of Defatted Rice Bran on Intestinal Physical Barrier and Bacteria in Finishing Pigs"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Huan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"},{"name":"Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian 223003, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pinghua","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"},{"name":"Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian 223003, China"},{"name":"Industrial Technology System Integration Innovation Center of Jiangsu Modern Agriculture (PIG), Nanjing 210095, China"},{"name":"Nanjing Agricultural University\u2019s New Rural Research and Development Corporation of Huaian City, Huaian 223003, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taoran","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"},{"name":"Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian 223003, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guang","family":"Pu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"},{"name":"Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian 223003, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lijuan","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"},{"name":"Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian 223003, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"},{"name":"Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian 223003, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peipei","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian 223003, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chengwu","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"},{"name":"Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian 223003, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wuduo","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"},{"name":"Industrial Technology System Integration Innovation Center of Jiangsu Modern Agriculture (PIG), Nanjing 210095, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4722-2271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruihua","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"},{"name":"Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian 223003, China"},{"name":"Industrial Technology System Integration Innovation Center of Jiangsu Modern Agriculture (PIG), Nanjing 210095, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731115000919","article-title":"Review: Dietary fiber utilization and its effects on physiological functions and gut health of swine","volume":"9","author":"Jha","year":"2015","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4505","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2013-7265","article-title":"Relationships among dietary fiber components and the digestibility of energy, dietary fiber, and amino acids and energy content of nine corn coproducts fed to growing pigs","volume":"92","author":"Gutierrez","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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