{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T11:57:02Z","timestamp":1791287822878,"version":"4.3.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,12]],"date-time":"2019-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Understanding equestrians\u2019 noseband tightening practices and intentions is necessary to target welfare improvement strategies. Firstly, we measured tightness in dressage and show jumping horses in The Netherlands, shortly after implementation of the two-finger rule by the Royal Dutch Equestrian Federation. Noseband tightness decreased with age, was less tight in dressage horses than in show jumpers, and was dependent on the interaction between competition level and discipline. Fifty-nine percent of the riders tightened nosebands to such an extent that they adhered to the new regulation. Secondly, we conducted an online survey to gain insight into whether riders were aware of noseband use and tightening behaviour. Of the 386 respondents, 54.5% agreed with the new regulations, and 62% believe that it improves horses\u2019 welfare. Applying cluster analysis to statements regarding their own attitude, peer pressure, and behavioural control produced three clusters. Noticeably, a lower percentage of Cluster 1 respondents (38%) performing at higher levels was convinced that the new regulation improved welfare than Cluster 2 (77.9%) and 3 (89.0%) respondents. Designing strategies to ensure the successful implementation of the new regulation and to convince equestrians to comply would be most effective if targeted differentially, and should include a transparent and objective form of regulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani9121131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,12]],"date-time":"2019-12-12T11:06:41Z","timestamp":1576148801000},"page":"1131","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Practice of Noseband Use and Intentions towards Behavioural Change in Dutch Equestrians"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"E. Kathalijne","family":"Visser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Research, Aeres University of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 374, 9250 AJ Dronten, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monique M. F.","family":"Kuypers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Research, Aeres University of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 374, 9250 AJ Dronten, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer S. M.","family":"Stam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Research, Aeres University of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 374, 9250 AJ Dronten, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3151-0743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernd","family":"Riedstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioural Biology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"ISES (2019, October 13). Position Statement on Restrictive Nosebands. Available online: https:\/\/equitationscience.com\/equitation\/position-statement-on-restrictive-nosebands."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Doherty, O., Conway, T., Conway, R., Murray, G., and Casey, V. (2017). An Objective Measure of Noseband Tightness and Its Measurement Using a Novel Digital Tightness Gauge. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0168996"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fenner, K., Yoon, S., White, P., Starling, M., and McGreevy, P. (2016). The Effect of Noseband Tightening on Horses\u2019 Behavior, Eye Temperature, and Cardiac Responses. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0154179"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jveb.2011.08.001","article-title":"The effect of double bridles and jaw-clamping crank nosebands on temperature of eyes and facial skin of horses","volume":"7","author":"McGreevy","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Vet. Behav. Clin. Appl. Res."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jveb.2018.03.012","article-title":"An opportunistic pilot study of radiographs of equine nasal bones at the usual site of nosebands","volume":"29","author":"Crago","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Vet. Behav. Clin. Appl. Res."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Randle, H., and McGreevy, P.D. (2011, January 27\u201330). The effect of noseband tightness on rein tension in the ridden horse. Proceedings of the International Conference Equitation Science, Hooge Mierde, The Netherlands."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12827","article-title":"Lesions associated with the use of bits, nosebands, spurs and whips in Danish competition horses","volume":"51","author":"Uldahl","year":"2019","journal-title":"Equine Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jveb.2013.06.003","article-title":"A preliminary report on estimating the pressures exerted by a crank noseband in the horse","volume":"8","author":"Casey","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Vet. Behav. Clin. Appl. Res."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Pahl, D., and Kienapfel, K. (2018, January 21\u201324). 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On the effects of nosebands","volume":"26","author":"Kienapfel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pferdeheilkunde"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1080\/10888705.2016.1197776","article-title":"Equine Welfare in England and Wales: Exploration of Stakeholders\u2019 Understanding","volume":"20","author":"Horseman","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Appl. Anim. Welf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DuBois, C., Nakonechny, L., Derisoud, E., and Merkies, K. (2018). Examining Canadian Equine Industry Participants\u2019 Perceptions of Horses and Their Welfare. Animals, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani8110201"}],"container-title":["Animals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/9\/12\/1131\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:41:54Z","timestamp":1760190114000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/9\/12\/1131"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,12]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["ani9121131"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani9121131","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2615"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2615","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,12]]}}}