{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T14:12:49Z","timestamp":1792332769267,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":146,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,22]],"date-time":"2023-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689984000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Colombian Association of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism","award":["003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["003"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibodies"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) refers to a spectrum of various diseases, with two extremes of clinical presentation, hypothyroidism (Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis (HT) and hyperthyroidism (Graves\u2013Basedow disease (GBD)). Both conditions are characterized by presenting a cellular and humoral autoimmune reaction, with an increase in the synthesis and secretion of antibodies directed toward various thyroid antigens, together with a phenomenon of thyrocyte necrosis and apoptosis (in HT) and a persistent thyrotropin-receptor stimulation (in GBD). The diagnosis of both entities is based on clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings. Three major anti-thyroid antibodies have been described, those directed against the TSH receptor (TRAb), against thyroid peroxidase (TPOAb), and against thyroglobulin (TgAb). Each of these autoantibodies plays a fundamental role in the diagnostic approach of autoimmune thyroid disease. TRAbs are the hallmark of GBD, and additionally, they are predictors of response to disease treatment, among other utilities. Likewise, TPOAb and TgAb allow for identifying individuals with a higher risk of progression to hypothyroidism; the positivity of one or both autoantibodies defines the presence of thyroid autoimmunity. In this review, the usefulness of anti-thyroid antibodies in the diagnostic approach to autoimmune thyroid disease is described.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antib12030048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]],"date-time":"2023-07-24T01:15:45Z","timestamp":1690161345000},"page":"48","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["The Usefulness of Thyroid Antibodies in the Diagnostic Approach to Autoimmune Thyroid Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Hernando","family":"Vargas-Uricoechea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic Diseases Study Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Universidad del Cauca, Carrera 6 N\u00b0 13N-50, Popayan 190001, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8764-4700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Patricio","family":"Nogueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Endocrinolog\u00eda, Nutrici\u00f3n y Metabolismo (CIENM), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Formosa, Formosa P3600AZS, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda V.","family":"Pinz\u00f3n-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Research Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Universidad del Cauca, Popayan 190001, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8386-0660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego","family":"Schwarzstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Service, Servidigest Clinic, 08006 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.02.008","article-title":"Antibody repertoire and autoimmunity","volume":"151","author":"Skevaki","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. 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