{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T17:04:02Z","timestamp":1790960642148,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]],"date-time":"2023-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibodies"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Paraneoplastic antibody syndromes result from the anti-tumor antibody response against normal antigens ectopically expressed by tumor cells. Although this antibody response plays an important role in helping clear a nascent or established tumor, the engagement of antigens expressed in healthy tissues can lead to complex clinical syndromes with challenging diagnosis and management. The majority of known paraneoplastic antibody syndromes have been found to affect the central and peripheral nervous system. The present review provides an update on the pathophysiology of paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes, as well as recommendations for their diagnosis and treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antib12030050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]],"date-time":"2023-07-31T10:00:15Z","timestamp":1690797615000},"page":"50","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Diagnosis and Treatment of Paraneoplastic Neurologic Syndromes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Chiu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02114, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Rhee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02114, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7699-5188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L. Nicolas","family":"Gonzalez Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"335","article-title":"\u00dcber Hirnsymptome bei Carcinomatose ohne nachweisbare Ver\u00e4nderungen im Gehirn","volume":"13","author":"Oppenheim","year":"1888","journal-title":"Charit\u00e9-Annalen"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1080\/0964704X.2015.1021120","article-title":"\u201cHirnsymptome bei Carcinomatose\u201d\u2014Hermann Oppenheim an Early Description of a Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndrome","volume":"24","author":"Schulz","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Hist. 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