{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T18:56:26Z","timestamp":1793040986825,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,14]],"date-time":"2024-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibodies"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Psoriasis is a persistent, inflammatory condition affecting millions globally, marked by excessive keratinocyte proliferation, immune cell infiltration, and widespread inflammation. Over the years, therapeutic approaches have developed significantly, shifting from conventional topical treatments and phototherapy to more sophisticated systemic interventions such as biologics and, recently, oral small-molecule drugs. This review seeks to present a comprehensive investigation of the existing psoriasis treatment options, focusing on biologic agents, oral small molecules, and emerging treatments. Several categories of biologic treatments have received regulatory approval for psoriasis, including TNF-\u03b1, IL-17, IL-12\/23, and IL-23 inhibitors. Biologics have revolutionized the treatment of psoriasis. These targeted therapies offer significant improvement in disease control and quality of life, with acceptable safety profiles. However, limitations such as cost, potential immunogenicity, and administration challenges have driven the exploration of alternative treatment modalities. Oral small molecules, particularly inhibitors of Janus kinase (JAK), have emerged as options due to their convenience and efficacy. These agents represent a paradigm shift in the management of the condition, offering oral administration and targeted action on specific signaling pathways. In addition to existing therapies, the review explores emerging treatments that hold promise for the future of psoriasis care. These include innovative small-molecule inhibitors. Early-stage clinical trials suggest these agents may enhance outcomes for psoriasis patients. In conclusion, the therapeutic landscape of psoriasis is rapidly evolving, emphasizing targeted, patient-centered treatments. Ongoing research and development are expected to lead to more personalized and effective management strategies for this complex condition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antib13030076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]],"date-time":"2024-09-16T11:36:37Z","timestamp":1726486597000},"page":"76","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Therapeutic Advances in Psoriasis: From Biologics to Emerging Oral Small Molecules"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9298-6783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Ferrara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Department, Asl Napoli 3 Sud, Dell\u2019amicizia Street 72, 80035 Nola, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9671-5507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Verduci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Manzoni Street 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuela","family":"Laconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Department, ASST Nord Milano, E. Bassini Hospital, Massimo Gorki Street 50, 20092 Cinisello Balsamo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5084-5808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Mangione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Department, ASST Valle Olona, Busto Arsizio Hospital, Arnaldo da Brescia 1 Street, 21052 Busto Arsizio, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5093-7596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Dondi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Department, ASST Ovest Milanese, Legnano Hospital, Papa Giovanni Paolo II Street, 20025 Legnano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Del Vecchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Department, ASST Ovest Milanese, Legnano Hospital, Papa Giovanni Paolo II Street, 20025 Legnano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5570-2293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronica","family":"Carlevatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Pharmacy Department, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, V. Buzzi Hospital, Castelvetro Street 28, 20154 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6528-2171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Zovi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health, Viale Giorgio Ribotta 5, 00144 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9488-6057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maurizio","family":"Capuozzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Department, Asl Napoli 3 Sud, Dell\u2019amicizia Street 72, 80035 Nola, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Langella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Italian Society of Hospital Pharmacy (SIFO), SIFO Secretariat of the Lombardy Region, Via Carlo Farini 81, 20159 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bro\u017cyna, A.A., Slominski, R.M., Nedoszytko, B., Zmijewski, M.A., and Slominski, A.T. 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