{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:32:00Z","timestamp":1787027520861,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]],"date-time":"2024-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001321","name":"National Research Foundation (NRF) Competitive Research Programme (CRP)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CRP26-2021RS-0002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRP26-2021RS-0002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001321","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore","award":["CRP26-2021RS-0002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRP26-2021RS-0002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibodies"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-targeted T cell-redirecting immunotherapies, including Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy and T-cell engagers have demonstrated remarkable success in treating relapsed\/refractory (RR) multiple myeloma (MM), a malignancy of plasma cells. However, a significant challenge is the severe side effects associated with T-cell overactivation, leading to cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity in MM patients undergoing such therapies. Bispecific NK cell engagers (NKCEs) may offer a promising alternative by redirecting NK cell cytotoxic activity towards tumor cells without triggering cytokine release syndrome. Methods: In this study, we designed a series of BCMA \u00d7 CD16 NKCEs that simultaneously engage BCMA and CD16 on MM and NK cells, respectively. We evaluated the functionality of these NKCEs in vitro with respect to their molecular design. Results: Our results indicate that the format design of NKCEs influences their functionalities, underscoring the importance of format selection in optimizing NKCE-based therapies for MM. This study provides valuable insights for developing next-generation NKCEs and advancing therapeutic strategies for MM and potentially other malignancies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antib13040097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]],"date-time":"2024-12-04T11:03:08Z","timestamp":1733310188000},"page":"97","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Development of BCMA-Targeted Bispecific Natural Killer Cell Engagers for Multiple Myeloma Treatment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Minchuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Immunos Building, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore 138648, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1972-0190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Han Ping","family":"Loh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Centros Building, 20 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138668, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiyi","family":"Goh Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Centros Building, 20 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138668, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0026-7069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuansheng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Centros Building, 20 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138668, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1316-4333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kong-Peng","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Immunos Building, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore 138648, Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117545, Singapore"},{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengli","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Immunos Building, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore 138648, Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Medical Drive, MD9, Singapore 117549, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2014.200","article-title":"Current treatment landscape for relapsed and\/or refractory multiple myeloma","volume":"12","author":"Dimopoulos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. 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