{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:33:40Z","timestamp":1760060020101,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibodies"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Anti-p200 pemphigoid is a rare and likely underdiagnosed autoimmune blistering disorder. Laminin \u03b31 and laminin \u03b24 have been implicated as potential target antigens in its pathogenesis. Recently, a novel indirect immunofluorescence assay targeting anti-laminin \u03b24 antibodies has been developed, demonstrating high sensitivity and specificity, and offering a valuable tool for improved diagnosis. Methods: Of the 451 patients, 21 were selected for further laboratory analysis based on medical records. Sera from 10 patients, which showed a positive direct immunofluorescence (DIF) result and negative results in multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and\/or mosaic six-parameter indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) for various autoimmune bullous diseases, were tested for the presence of anti-laminin \u03b24 antibodies. Additionally, sera from 11 patients with positive DIF and positive ELISA for antibodies against BP180 and\/or BP230 were analyzed. Results: Among the 10 patients with positive DIF and negative ELISA and\/or mosaic six-parameter IIF, 6 sera were positive for anti-laminin \u03b24 antibodies. These patients presented with atypical clinical features. In contrast, all 11 sera from patients with both positive DIF and positive ELISA for BP180 and\/or BP230 were negative for anti-laminin \u03b24 antibodies. Conclusions: In patients with a positive DIF result but negative ELISA and\/or mosaic six-parameter IIF findings, testing for anti-laminin \u03b24 antibodies should be considered. Furthermore, in cases presenting with atypical clinical features\u2014such as acral distribution of lesions, intense pruritus, or erythematous\u2013edematous plaques\u2014the possibility of anti-p200 pemphigoid should be included in the differential diagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antib14030066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T10:50:21Z","timestamp":1754391021000},"page":"66","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antibodies to Laminin \u03b24 in Pemphigoid Diseases: Clinical\u2013Laboratory Experience of a Single Central European Reference Centre"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4373-6862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maciej Marek","family":"Spa\u0142ek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Autoimmune Blistering Dermatoses Section, Department of Dermatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8191-7475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Ja\u0142owska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Autoimmune Blistering Dermatoses Section, Department of Dermatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Welc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Autoimmune Blistering Dermatoses Section, Department of Dermatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland"},{"name":"Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8221-7622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Bowszyc-Dmochowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cutaneous Histopathology and Immunopathology Section, Department of Dermatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0144-3255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takashi","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka 545-8585, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3106-064X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justyna","family":"Gornowicz-Porowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Division of Practical Cosmetology and Skin Diseases Prophylaxis, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4819-2051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marian","family":"Dmochowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Autoimmune Blistering Dermatoses Section, Department of Dermatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.11.076","article-title":"Subepithelial autoimmune blistering dermatoses: Clinical features and diagnosis","volume":"85","author":"Montagnon","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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