{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T11:23:38Z","timestamp":1775820218181,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibodies"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Human hair performs a number of important physiological and esthetic functions. Hair loss and alopecia are complex disorders which affect people all over the world. Hair loss can be an early manifestation of various autoimmunological disorders. Despite a growing interest of researchers in the role of immune factors\u2014especially autoantibodies\u2014in the etiology of certain types of alopecia, their role in alopecia remains uncertain. Several potential autoantigens of follicular components, mainly derived from keratinocytes and melanocytes of the hair follicles, have been found to play a role in the development of alopecia areata. The list of autoantigens includes trichohyalin, keratin 16, fibroblast growth factor receptor 3, glycoprotein-100, melanoma-associated antigen recognized by T cells 1, dopachrome tautomerase\/tyrosinase-related protein 2, tyrosinase, and tyrosine hydroxylase. This narrative review presents different aspects of immunopathogenesis of alopecia, from physiology (hair follicle immune privilege) to pathology (disruption of hair follicle immune privilege) and signaling pathways. Identification of key autoantigens could potentially pave the way for the development of new, effective, and more targeted immunotherapies for alopecia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antib15020031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T02:06:21Z","timestamp":1775441181000},"page":"31","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Possible Role of Antibodies in Alopecia: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3448-5517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Cie\u015blawska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Division of Practical Cosmetology and Skin Diseases Prophylaxis, Poznan University of Medicinal Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariola","family":"Pawlaczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Division of Practical Cosmetology and Skin Diseases Prophylaxis, Poznan University of Medicinal Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3106-064X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justyna","family":"Gornowicz-Porowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Division of Practical Cosmetology and Skin Diseases Prophylaxis, Poznan University of Medicinal Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1111\/ajd.14311","article-title":"Health-related quality of life of adult and adolescent patients living with alopecia areata in Australia","volume":"65","author":"Sinclair","year":"2024","journal-title":"Australas. 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