{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T17:05:39Z","timestamp":1778605539711,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,2]],"date-time":"2016-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1464825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibodies"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) are a hallmark of the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), which is the most commonly acquired thrombophilia. To date there is consensus that aPL cause the clinical manifestations of this potentially devastating disorder. However, there is good evidence that not all aPL are pathogenic. For instance, aPL associated with syphilis show no association with the manifestations of APS. While there has been intensive research on the pathogenetic role of aPL, comparably little is known about the origin and development of aPL. This review will summarize the current knowledge and understanding of the origin and development of aPL derived from animal and human studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antib5020015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,2]],"date-time":"2016-06-02T10:19:08Z","timestamp":1464862748000},"page":"15","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Antiphospholipid Antibodies: Their Origin and Development"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Karl","family":"Lackner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, D-55101 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nadine","family":"M\u00fcller-Calleja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, D-55101 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1142018","article-title":"Eine serodiagnostische Reaktion bei Syphilis","volume":"31","author":"Wassermann","year":"1906","journal-title":"Dtsch. 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