{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:51:09Z","timestamp":1760237469134,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,11]],"date-time":"2020-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589155200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ricerca Finalizzata 2013","award":["CO-2013-02356463"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CO-2013-02356463"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100003185","name":"National Psoriasis Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["-"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100003185","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007673","name":"Fondation Centre de Recherches M\u00e9dicales Carlos et Elsie de Reuter","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["-"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007673","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007636","name":"Fondation Ernst et Lucie Schmidheiny","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["-"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007636","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibodies"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Human cathelicidin LL37 is a cationic antimicrobial peptide active against bacteria and viruses and exerting immune modulatory functions. LL37 can be also a target of autoreactive B- and T-lymphocytes in autoimmune settings. Irreversible post-translational modifications, such as citrullination and carbamylation, mainly occurring at the level of cationic amino acids arginine and lysine, can affect the inflammatory properties and reduce antibacterial effects. Moreover, these modifications could be implicated in the rupture of immune tolerance to LL37 in chronic conditions such as psoriatic disease and cutaneous lupus (LE)\/systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Here, we describe the generation and fine specificity of six recombinant antibodies (MRB137\u2013MRB142), produced as a monovalent mouse antibody with the antigen-binding scFv portion fused to a mouse IgG2a Fc, and their ability to recognize either native or citrullinated LL37 (cit-LL37) and not cross-react to carbamylated LL37. By using these antibodies, we detected native LL37 or cit-LL37 in SLE and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) sera, and in LE skin, by ELISA and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Such antibodies represent previously unavailable and useful tools to address relationships between the presence of post-translational modified LL37 and the immune system status (in terms of innate\/adaptive responses activation) and the clinical characteristics of patients affected by chronic immune-mediated diseases or infectious diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antib9020014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,11]],"date-time":"2020-05-11T12:26:30Z","timestamp":1589199990000},"page":"14","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Generation of Monoclonal Antibodies Specific for Native LL37 and Citrullinated LL37 That Discriminate the Two LL37 Forms in the Skin and Circulation of Cutaneous\/Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8398-4567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Lande","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raffaella","family":"Palazzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Hammel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geneva Antibody Facility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1 rue Michel Servet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Immacolata","family":"Pietraforte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Surbeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University Hospital CHUV, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Gilliet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University Hospital CHUV, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Chizzolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, Centre M\u00e9dical Universitaire (CMU), Geneva University, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6924-3826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Loredana","family":"Frasca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, Centre M\u00e9dical Universitaire (CMU), Geneva University, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(91)90154-Q","article-title":"Antibacterial peptides: Key components needed in immunity","volume":"65","author":"Boman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"179","article-title":"The role of cathelicidins in the innate host defenses of mammals","volume":"7","author":"Zanetti","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr. 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Dis."}],"container-title":["Antibodies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4468\/9\/2\/14\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:27:40Z","timestamp":1760174860000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4468\/9\/2\/14"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,11]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]}},"alternative-id":["antib9020014"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antib9020014","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4468"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2073-4468"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,11]]}}}