{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T14:02:26Z","timestamp":1788357746474,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,31]],"date-time":"2020-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Spondylodiscitis (SD) is the concurrent infection of the intervertebral disc and the adjacent vertebral bodies. Currently, there is a substantial lack of structured reviews about this topic. The aim of this study was to systematically review the available literature in order to determine the main features of pediatric SD. A systematic search of MEDLINE database was performed, according to the PRISMA guideline recommendations. Clinical features, laboratory data, radiological signs, treatments strategies, and outcomes were summarized. Studies\u2019 quality assessments were performed using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklists. A total of 35 retrospective studies were analyzed and 340 children were identified. The most frequently affected age class was 0.5\u20134 years. The most affected site was the lumbar spine. The most commonly reported symptoms were back pain (37.97%) and refusal to walk\/to stand\/to sit (49.79%). The most frequently identified pathogen was Staphylococcus aureus (n = 33). The most used antibiotics were third generation cephalosporins. The intravenous therapy duration range was 1\u201325 weeks, the oral therapy duration range was 5 days\u201336 months. Surgery was used in 5.88% of children. In 29 cases clinical sequelae were documented. This study provides the main features of pediatric SD; it also emphasizes the significant gaps in the literature regarding this topic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10010030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,31]],"date-time":"2020-12-31T10:10:37Z","timestamp":1609409437000},"page":"30","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Characteristics, Management and Outcomes of Spondylodiscitis in Children: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Irene","family":"Ferri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Meyer Children\u2019s University Hospital, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Ristori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Orthopaedic and Traumatology Department, Meyer Children\u2019s University Hospital, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catiuscia","family":"Lisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Meyer Children\u2019s University Hospital, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Galli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Meyer Children\u2019s University Hospital, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Chiappini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Meyer Children\u2019s University Hospital, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bianchini, S., Esposito, A., Principi, N., and Esposito, S. 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