{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T12:42:44Z","timestamp":1779885764216,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]],"date-time":"2021-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Federal Commission for Scholarships for Foreign Students (FCS) of Switzerland","award":["2015.0815"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015.0815"]}]},{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern","award":["internal funds"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["internal funds"]}]},{"name":"National Centre of Animal and Plant Health of Cuba (CENSA)","award":["internal funds"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["internal funds"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A total of 434 poultry cloacal samples were collected from seven different farms in different years (2013\u20132015) in the Cuban province of Mayabeque and analyzed for the presence of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli (3GC-R-Ec). Sixty-two 3GC-R-Ec isolates were recovered in total from the farms, with detection rates of 2.9% in 2013, 10.3% in 2014, and 28.7% in 2015. Characterization of 32 3GC-R-Ec isolates revealed the presence of the extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL) genes blaCTX-M-1 (n = 27), blaCTX-M-15 (n = 4), and blaCTX-M-1 together with blaLAP-2 (n = 1). The isolates also contained different proportions of genes conferring decreased susceptibility to sulfonamides (sul1, sul2, sul3), trimethoprim (dfrA1, dfrA7, dfrA12, dfrA14, dfrA17), tetracyclines (tet(A), tet(B)), aminoglycosides (aac(6\u2032)-Ib-cr, strA, strB), chloramphenicol (cmlA1, floR), macrolides (mph(A), mph(D)), and quinolones (qnrS, qnrB, aac(6\u2032)-Ib-cr) as well as mutations in the fluoroquinolone-resistance determining regions of GyrA (S83L, D87N, D87Y) and ParC (S80I, E84G). The isolates belonged to 23 different sequence types and to phylogroups A (n = 25), B1 (n = 5), and D (n = 2), and they contained plasmid-associated incompatibility groups FII, X1, HI1, HI2, N, FIA, and FIB. These findings reveal a genetically diverse population of multiresistant ESBL-producing E. coli in poultry farms in Cuba, which suggests multiple sources of contamination and the acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10020107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,25]],"date-time":"2021-01-25T02:07:00Z","timestamp":1611540420000},"page":"107","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Genetic Features of Extended-Spectrum \u03b2-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli from Poultry in Mayabeque Province, Cuba"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Michel","family":"Baez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Animal and Plant Health, Tapaste Road and National Highway, Postal Mail 10, San Jos\u00e9 de las Lajas, Mayabeque 32700, Cuba"},{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, L\u00e4nggassstrasse 122, 3012 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivette","family":"Espinosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Animal and Plant Health, Tapaste Road and National Highway, Postal Mail 10, San Jos\u00e9 de las Lajas, Mayabeque 32700, Cuba"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Collaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, L\u00e4nggassstrasse 122, 3012 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iliana","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Animal and Plant Health, Tapaste Road and National Highway, Postal Mail 10, San Jos\u00e9 de las Lajas, Mayabeque 32700, Cuba"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damarys de las Nieves","family":"Montano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Animal and Plant Health, Tapaste Road and National Highway, Postal Mail 10, San Jos\u00e9 de las Lajas, Mayabeque 32700, Cuba"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angel L.","family":"Feria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayabeque Poultry Company, Ave 69, # 7210 between 72 and 74 Guines, Mayabeque 33900, Cuba"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosa Elena","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Fillor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Animal and Plant Health, Tapaste Road and National Highway, Postal Mail 10, San Jos\u00e9 de las Lajas, Mayabeque 32700, Cuba"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5786-1114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dasiel","family":"Obreg\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Nuclear in Agriculture, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Piracicaba, SP 13400-970, Brazil"},{"name":"School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3535-010X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pastor","family":"Alfonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Animal and Plant Health, Tapaste Road and National Highway, Postal Mail 10, San Jos\u00e9 de las Lajas, Mayabeque 32700, Cuba"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5722-9445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincent","family":"Perreten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, L\u00e4nggassstrasse 122, 3012 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S55778","article-title":"Agriculture and food animals as a source of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria","volume":"8","author":"Economou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect. 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