{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T18:16:35Z","timestamp":1784657795233,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study investigated the prevalence of Klebsiella (K.) pneumoniae isolates among clinical samples of patients in four medical centers in Lagos, Nigeria and the burden of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) and carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (CRKP) strains. Different samples (stool, blood, urine, wound swabs and nasal swabs) from 127 patients with suspected Gram-negative infections based on on-site performed Gram-stain from four public hospitals between March and September 2015 were analyzed. K. pneumoniae was identified in 43 (34%) patients. Resistance rates of these 43 strains according to the CLSI breakpoints were as followed: cotrimoxazole (90.7%), cefuroxime (74.4%), ofloxacin (55.8%), ceftazidime (46.5%), and cefixime (35%). Three isolates (7%) were resistant to imipenem. All isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin\/clavulanic acid and nitrofurantoin. The prevalence of ESBL-producing, MDR and CRKP strains was 69.8%, 62.8%, and 7.0%, respectively. Of the ESBL-producing isolates, two K. pneumoniae isolates obtained from urine harbored both blaSHV and blaCTX-M-1, and a third isolate from urine harbored only the blaCTX-M-1. This study revealed the emergence of CRKP isolates and blaCTX-M-1 and blaSHV co-harboring K. pneumoniae strains in Lagos hospitals. The emergence of CRKP strains is an early warning signal for carbapenem antibiotics\u2019 prudent use with concern for their efficacies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10020142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T11:40:48Z","timestamp":1612179648000},"page":"142","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["The Emergence of Klebsiella pneumoniae with Reduced Susceptibility against Third Generation Cephalosporins and Carbapenems in Lagos Hospitals, Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0876-5724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kabiru O.","family":"Akinyemi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Lagos State University, Km 15, Badagry Expressway, P.O. Box 0001 Lasu Post Office, Ojo, Lagos 102101, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca O.","family":"Abegunrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Lagos State University, Km 15, Badagry Expressway, P.O. Box 0001 Lasu Post Office, Ojo, Lagos 102101, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bamidele A.","family":"Iwalokun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology &amp; Biotechnology Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos 100001, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4104-5793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher O.","family":"Fakorede","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Lagos State University, Km 15, Badagry Expressway, P.O. Box 0001 Lasu Post Office, Ojo, Lagos 102101, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliwia","family":"Makarewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heinrich","family":"Neubauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8157-2753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mathias W.","family":"Pletz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6259-1932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gamal","family":"Wareth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany"},{"name":"Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany"},{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh 13736, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S199639","article-title":"Molecular characterization, serotypes and phenotypic and genotypic evaluation of antibiotic resistance of the Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated from different types of hospital-acquired infections","volume":"12","author":"Ranjbar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect. 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