{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T10:51:56Z","timestamp":1772189516610,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]],"date-time":"2021-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003407","name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CANF_ECCELLENZA1822_19_01 - Sottoprogetto Eccellenza \u2013 Monitoraggio dell'uso del farmaco"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CANF_ECCELLENZA1822_19_01 - Sottoprogetto Eccellenza \u2013 Monitoraggio dell'uso del farmaco"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In poultry production, gut microbiota (GM) plays a pivotal role and influences different host functions related to the efficiency of production performances. Antimicrobial (AM) use is one of the main factors affecting GM composition and functions. Although several studies have focused their attention on the role of AMs as growth promoters in the modulation of GM in broilers, the consequences of higher AM concentrations administered during prophylactic treatments need to be better elucidated. For this purpose, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed to evaluate the impact of different prophylactic AM protocols on the composition and diversity of the broiler GM. Diversity analysis has shown that AM treatment significantly affects alpha diversity in ileum and beta diversity in both ileum and caecum. In ileal samples, the Enterobacteriaceae family has been shown to be particularly affected by AM treatments. AMs have been demonstrated to affect GM composition in broiler. These findings indicate that withdrawal periods were not enough for the restoral of the original GM. Further studies are needed for a better elucidation of the negative effects caused by an altered GM in broilers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10020146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]],"date-time":"2021-02-02T05:44:42Z","timestamp":1612244682000},"page":"146","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["16S rRNA Sequencing Analysis of the Gut Microbiota in Broiler Chickens Prophylactically Administered with Antimicrobial Agents"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8431-0695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Cuccato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, 10095 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1120-6501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Selene","family":"Rubiola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, 10095 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2975-0385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Giannuzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padua, 35020 Legnaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Grego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, 10095 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1509-5108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paola","family":"Pregel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, 10095 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6085-0336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Divari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, 10095 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9553-5996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca Tiziana","family":"Cannizzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, 10095 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Antibiotic treatment triggers gut dysbiosis and modulates metabolism in a chicken model of gastro-intestinal infection","volume":"15","author":"Woodward","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Vet. 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