{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T21:00:43Z","timestamp":1760821243983,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]],"date-time":"2021-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI17-01405"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI17-01405"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Plan Nacional de I+D+i 2013\u20102016 and Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Subdirecci\u00f3n General de Redes y Centros de Investigaci\u00f3n Cooperativa, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades, Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases","award":["REIPI RD16\/0016\/0009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["REIPI RD16\/0016\/0009"]}]},{"name":"\u2010 co\u2010 financed by European Development Regional Fund \u201cA way to achieve Europe\u201d, Operative program Intelligent Growth 2014\u20102020.","award":["2014\u20102020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014\u20102020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aims to define the epidemiologic, clinical, and microbiological features of asymptomatic bacteriuria (AB) and cystitis in kidney transplantation recipients (KTRs), and to determine the impact of antimicrobial therapy of AB and the risk factors of cystitis. We conducted a prospective observational study of AB and cystitis in KTRs from January to June 2017. One-hundred ninety seven KTRs were included: 175 (88.8%) with AB and 22 (11.2%) with cystitis. The most frequent etiologies were Escherichia coli, Klebsiellapneumoniae, Enterococcusfaecalis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. No differences were observed regarding the etiologies, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and microbiologic outcomes in AB vs. cystitis. The treatment of AB diminished the microbiological cure and increased the rates of microbiologic relapses and reinfections; in addition, treated AB patients showed a trend of developing symptomatic urinary tract infection in the following six months. The analysis of the data identified the following independent risk factors for cystitis during the six months of follow-up: AB treatment, thymoglobulin induction, previous acute pyelonephritis, and time since transplantation &lt; 1 year. In summary, considering the lack of clinical benefits of treating AB and its impact on cystitis development in the follow-up, we support the recommendation of not screening for or treating AB.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10020218","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]],"date-time":"2021-02-22T14:23:27Z","timestamp":1614003807000},"page":"218","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Impact of Treating Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Prospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1750-8156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Fontser\u00e8","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology, and Preventive Medicine, Virgen del Roc\u00edo University Hospital of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Infante-Dom\u00ednguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology, and Preventive Medicine, Virgen del Roc\u00edo University Hospital of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Su\u00e1rez-Benjumea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urology and Nephrology Unit, Virgen del Roc\u00edo University Hospital, 41013 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Su\u00f1er-Poblet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urology and Nephrology Unit, Virgen del Roc\u00edo University Hospital, 41013 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Corvillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urology and Nephrology Unit, Virgen del Roc\u00edo University Hospital, 41013 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guillermo","family":"Mart\u00edn-Guti\u00e9rrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology, and Preventive Medicine, Virgen del Roc\u00edo University Hospital of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Bernal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology, and Preventive Medicine, Virgen del Roc\u00edo University Hospital of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8166-5308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jer\u00f3nimo","family":"Pach\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology, and Preventive Medicine, Virgen del Roc\u00edo University Hospital of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7969-8162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Eugenia","family":"Pach\u00f3n-Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology, and Preventive Medicine, Virgen del Roc\u00edo University Hospital of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Roc\u00edo University Hospital\/CSIC\/University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Cordero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology, and Preventive Medicine, Virgen del Roc\u00edo University Hospital of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Roc\u00edo University Hospital\/CSIC\/University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3062.2012.00744.x","article-title":"Bacterial urinary tract infection after solid organ transplantation in the RESITRA cohort","volume":"14","author":"Vidal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Transpl. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"899","article-title":"Acute Pyelonephritis Represents a Risk Factor Impairing Long-Term Kidney Graft Function","volume":"7","author":"Vimont","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arab. Archaeol. Epigr."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0012.2006.00519.x","article-title":"Infectious complications after kidney transplantation: Current epidemiology and associated risk factors","volume":"20","author":"Alangaden","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"2943","article-title":"Should Asymptomatic Bacteriuria Be Systematically Treated in Kidney Transplant Recipients? Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"16","author":"Polanco","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arab. Archaeol. Epigr."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.15.123","article-title":"Asymptomatic bacteriuria in renal allograft recipients: Not so innocent after all?","volume":"11","author":"Singh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Futur. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2007.06.061","article-title":"Epidemiology and Outcomes of Multiple Antibiotic\u2013Resistant Bacterial Infection in Renal Transplantation","volume":"39","author":"Linares","year":"2007","journal-title":"Transplant. Proc."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"1","article-title":"Review of Bacterial Urinary Tract Infection in Kidney Transplant Recipients: Incidence, Risk Factors and Impact on the Graft Survival","volume":"3","author":"Cordero","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Transplant. Res. Med."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1111\/tri.12711","article-title":"Clinical and economic consequences of first-year urinary tract infections, sepsis, and pneumonia in contemporary kidney transplantation practice","volume":"29","author":"Naik","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transpl. Int."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000120","article-title":"Asymptomatic bacteriuria and urinary tract infections among renal allograft recipients","volume":"28","author":"Singh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfq531","article-title":"Acute graft pyelonephritis in renal transplant recipients: Incidence, risk factors and long-term outcome","volume":"26","author":"Fiorante","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (2021, January 01). Breakpoint tables for interpretation of MICs and zone diameters. Available online: https:\/\/www.eucast.org\/fileadmin\/src\/media\/PDFs\/EUCAST_files\/Breakpoint_tables\/v_11.0_Breakpoint_Tables.pdf."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2015.03.024","article-title":"Management of urinary tract infection in solid organ transplant recipients: Consensus statement of the Group for the Study of Infection in Transplant Recipients (GESITRA) of the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (SEIMC) and the Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI)","volume":"33","author":"Vidal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Enferm. Infecc. y Microbiol. Cl\u00edn."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-019-00585-3","article-title":"Updates on urinary tract infections in kidney transplantation","volume":"32","author":"Fiorentino","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e830","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp17X693641","article-title":"Variations in presentation, management, and patient outcomes of urinary tract infection: A prospective four-country primary care observational cohort study","volume":"67","author":"Butler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br. J. Gen. Pract."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"74","article-title":"Bacterial urinary tract infection in renal transplant recipients and their antibiotic resistance pattern: A four-year study","volume":"6","author":"Khosravi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Iran J. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.12547","article-title":"Progressive increase of resistance in Enterobacteriaceae urinary isolates from kidney transplant recipients over the past decade: Narrowing of the therapeutic options","volume":"18","author":"Morales","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transpl. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2013.03.006","article-title":"Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Uropathogen Escherichia coli in Renal Transplant Recipients: Dramatic Increase in Ciprofloxacin Resistance","volume":"45","author":"Azap","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transplant. Proc."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-016-0910-2","article-title":"Incidence of urinary tract infections and antibiotic resistance in the outpatient setting: A cross-sectional study","volume":"45","author":"Rossignol","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Demilie, T., Beyene, G., Melaku, S., and Tsegaye, W. (2014). Diagnostic accuracy of rapid urine dipstick test to predict urinary tract infection among pregnant women in Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, Bahir Dar, North West Ethiopia. BMC Res. Notes, 7.","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-7-481"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e318225dbae","article-title":"Impact of Hepatitis C Virus Infection on the Risk of Infectious Complications After Kidney Transplantation: Data From the RESITRA\/REIPI Cohort","volume":"92","author":"Morales","year":"2011","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"32","article-title":"Effect of antibiotic therapy on asymptomatic bacteriuria in kidney transplant recipients","volume":"2","author":"Moradi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Urol. J."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.12366","article-title":"Impact of urinary tract infection on allograft function after kidney transplantation","volume":"28","author":"Beam","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2014.07.071","article-title":"Surgical Site and Early Urinary Tract Infections in 1000 Kidney Transplants With Antimicrobial Perioperative Prophylaxis","volume":"46","author":"Capocasale","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transplant. Proc."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3062.2011.00644.x","article-title":"Antibiotic prophylaxis for urinary tract infections in renal transplant recipients: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Green","year":"2011","journal-title":"Transpl. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-012-1727-2","article-title":"Consequences of treated versus untreated asymptomatic bacteriuria in the first year following kidney transplantation: Retrospective observational study","volume":"32","author":"Green","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofz243","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofz243","article-title":"Antibiotic Treatment Versus No Treatment for Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Multicenter Randomized Trial","volume":"6","author":"Oriol","year":"2019","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12895","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.12895","article-title":"Asymptomatic bacteriuria in kidney transplant recipients: The challenge in the first 8 weeks","volume":"20","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transpl. Infect. Dis."}],"container-title":["Antibiotics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6382\/10\/2\/218\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T05:28:04Z","timestamp":1760160484000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6382\/10\/2\/218"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]}},"alternative-id":["antibiotics10020218"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antibiotics10020218","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-6382"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2079-6382"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]]}}}