{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T02:20:20Z","timestamp":1792808420224,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,11]],"date-time":"2021-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Researchers Supporting Project number, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","award":["(RSP-2021\/5)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(RSP-2021\/5)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The insect gut is home to a wide range of microorganisms, including several bacterial species. Such bacterial symbionts provide various benefits to their insect hosts. One of such services is providing metabolites that resist infections. Little data are available about gut-inhabiting bacteria for several insect groups. Through the present work, the gut bacteria associated with the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana L.) were isolated, identified, and studied for their potential antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant (MDR) human pathogens. The cockroaches were collected from three different environmental sites. Gut bacteria were isolated, and sixteen species of bacteria were identified using Vitek MALDI-TOF MS. The antagonistic activity of the identified bacteria was tested against a panel of multidrug-resistant bacteria and fungi, namely: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (clinical isolate), Streptococcus mutans Clarke (RCMB 017(1) ATCC \u00ae 25175\u2122) (Gram-positive bacteria), Enterobacter cloacae (RCMB 001(1) ATCC\u00ae 23355\u2122) and Salmonella enterica (ATCC\u00ae 25566\u2122) (Gram-negative bacteria). The isolates were also tested against human pathogenic fungi such as Candida albicans (RCMB005003(1) ATCC\u00ae 10231\u2122), Aspergillus niger (RCMB002005), Aspergillus fumigatus (RCMB002008), Aspergillus flavus (RCMB002002), and Penicillium italicum (RCMB 001018(1) IMI193019). The results indicated that some bacterial species from the cockroach gut could antagonize the growth activity of all the tested pathogens. Such antimicrobial properties could ultimately lead to the future development of therapeutic drugs. The evaluation and mode of action of antagonistic gut bacteria against the most affected MDR pathogens were demonstrated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10030294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,11]],"date-time":"2021-03-11T20:17:40Z","timestamp":1615493860000},"page":"294","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Antagonistic Activity of Bacteria Isolated from the Periplaneta americana L. Gut against Some Multidrug-Resistant Human Pathogens"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Asmaa","family":"Amer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, P.O. Box 11566 Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Basma","family":"Hamdy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Regional Centre for Mycology and Biotechnology (RCMB), AL- Azhar University, P.O. Box 11651 Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dalia","family":"Mahmoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, P.O. Box 11566 Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mervat","family":"Elanany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, P.O. Box 12613 Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magda","family":"Rady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, P.O. Box 11566 Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tahani","family":"Alahmadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, King Khalid University Hospital, Medical City, P.O. Box 2925, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sulaiman","family":"Alharbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"AlAshaal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, P.O. Box 11566 Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1179\/2047773215Y.0000000030","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance: A global multifaceted phenomenon","volume":"109","author":"Prestinaci","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pathog. Glob. Health"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S173867","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance: A rundown of a global crisis","volume":"11","author":"Aslam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infect. Drug Resist."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"1204","article-title":"Bacteria resistance to antibiotics: Recent trends and challenges","volume":"2","author":"Odonkor","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Med. 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