{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:31:04Z","timestamp":1787027464975,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":129,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]],"date-time":"2021-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616112000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Acute leukemias (AL) are a group of aggressive malignant diseases associated with a high degree of morbidity and mortality. Patients with AL are highly susceptible to infectious diseases due to the disease itself, factors attributed to treatment, and specific individual risk factors. Enterobacteriaceae presence (e.g., Klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia coli) is a frequent cause of bloodstream infections in AL patients. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) is an emerging health problem worldwide; however, the incidence of CRE varies greatly between different regions. Carbapenem resistance in Enterobacteriaceae is caused by different mechanisms, and CRE may display various resistance profiles. Bacterial co-expression of genes conferring resistance to both broad-spectrum \u03b2-lactam antibiotics (including carbapenems) and other classes of antibiotics may give rise to multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs). The spread of CRE represents a major treatment challenge for clinicians due to lack of randomized clinical trials (RCTs), a limited number of antibiotics available, and the side-effects associated with them. Most research concerning CRE infections in AL patients are limited to case reports and retrospective reviews. Current research recommends treatment with older antibiotics, such as polymyxins, fosfomycin, older aminoglycosides, and in some cases carbapenems. To prevent the spread of resistant microbes, it is of pivotal interest to implement antibiotic stewardship to reduce broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment, but without giving too narrow a treatment to neutropenic infected patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10030322","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]],"date-time":"2021-03-19T11:18:38Z","timestamp":1616152718000},"page":"322","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae\u2014Implications for Treating Acute Leukemias, a Subgroup of Hematological Malignancies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5958-8951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristin \u00d8lfarnes","family":"Storhaug","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Stord Hospital, 5416 Stord, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3434-6715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dag Harald","family":"Skutlaberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1690-1941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bent Are","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, F\u00f8rde Hospital, 6812 F\u00f8rde, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5439-8411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00e5kon","family":"Reikvam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00d8ystein","family":"Wendelbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health, VID Specialized University, 5020 Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-64-2-328","article-title":"Quantitative relationships between circulating leukocytes and infection in patients with acute leukemia","volume":"64","author":"Bodey","year":"1966","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3146","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkv218","article-title":"Mortality burden related to infection with carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria among haematological cancer patients: A retrospective cohort study","volume":"70","author":"Andria","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2016.01.011","article-title":"Carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infections in neutropenic patients with haematological malignancies or aplastic anaemia: Analysis of 50 cases","volume":"47","author":"Tofas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2016.07.002","article-title":"Bacteremia due to carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in neutropenic patients with hematologic malignancies","volume":"73","author":"Satlin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Infect."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.80a.12182","article-title":"Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae: A menace to our most vulnerable patients","volume":"80","author":"Perez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cleve Clin. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2014.11.022","article-title":"Current epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance data for bacterial bloodstream infections in patients with hematologic malignancies: An Italian multicentre prospective survey","volume":"21","author":"Trecarichi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2225","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-018-3423-5","article-title":"Bloodstream infections with gram-negative organisms and the impact of multidrug resistance in patients with hematological malignancies","volume":"97","author":"Scheich","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-017-0259-z","article-title":"Infection prevention and control measures and tools for the prevention of entry of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae into healthcare settings: Guidance from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control","volume":"6","author":"Magiorakos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Resist. Infect. Control."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-019-0591-6","article-title":"Screening for carriage of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in settings of high endemicity: A position paper from an Italian working group on CRE infections","volume":"8","author":"Ambretti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Resist. Infect. Control."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31041-9","article-title":"Acute myeloid leukaemia","volume":"392","author":"Short","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)33018-1","article-title":"Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia","volume":"395","author":"Malard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hansen, B.A., Wendelbo, \u00d8., Bruserud, \u00d8., Hemsing, A.L., Mosevoll, K.A., and Reikvam, H. (2020). Febrile Neutropenia in Acute Leukemia. Epidemiology, Etiology, Pathophysiology and Treatment. Mediterr. J. Hematol. Infect. Dis., 12.","DOI":"10.4084\/mjhid.2020.009"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2016.1156821","article-title":"Bloodstream infections in neutropenic cancer patients: A practical update","volume":"7","author":"Gustinetti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2013.12.006","article-title":"Aetiology and resistance in bacteraemias among adult and paediatric haematology and cancer patients","volume":"68","author":"Mikulska","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Infect."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2008.10.024","article-title":"Blood stream infections in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: Reemergence of Gram-negative rods and increasing antibiotic resistance","volume":"15","author":"Mikulska","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol. Blood Marrow Transpl."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1086\/322604","article-title":"Evolution, incidence, and susceptibility of bacterial bloodstream isolates from 519 bone marrow transplant patients","volume":"33","author":"Collin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnci.2013.12.001","article-title":"Source, pattern and antibiotic resistance of blood stream infections in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients","volume":"26","author":"Samir","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Egypt Natl. Canc. Inst."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.3109\/23744235.2015.1051105","article-title":"Epidemiology and emerging resistance in bacterial bloodstream infections in patients with hematologic malignancies","volume":"47","author":"Kara","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, Q., Zhang, S., Li, L., Xiong, L., Chao, K., Zhong, B., Li, Y., Wang, H., and Chen, M. (2015). Enterohepatic Helicobacter Species as a Potential Causative Factor in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Meta-Analysis. Medicine, 94.","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000001773"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.193482","article-title":"The mucosal barrier at a glance","volume":"130","author":"France","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.13113","article-title":"Mucosal barrier injury, fever and infection in neutropenic patients with cancer: Introducing the paradigm febrile mucositis","volume":"167","author":"Herbers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12563","article-title":"The intestinal microbiota: Antibiotics, colonization resistance, and enteric pathogens","volume":"279","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2186","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.30039","article-title":"The role of the gastrointestinal microbiome in infectious complications during induction chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"122","author":"Smith","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garcia-Vidal, C., Cardozo-Espinola, C., Puerta-Alcalde, P., Marco, F., Tellez, A., Ag\u00fcero, D., Romero-Santana, F., D\u00edaz-Bey\u00e1, M., Gin\u00e9, E., and Morata, L. (2018). Risk factors for mortality in patients with acute leukemia and bloodstream infections in the era of multiresistance. PLoS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0199531"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.02.004","article-title":"Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in the Community: Trends and Lessons Learned","volume":"30","author":"Paterson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuz014","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance breakers: Current approaches and future directions","volume":"43","author":"Laws","year":"2019","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30228-1","article-title":"Effect of appropriate combination therapy on mortality of patients with bloodstream infections due to carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (INCREMENT): A retrospective cohort study","volume":"17","author":"Salamanca","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-013-1965-0","article-title":"Relapsing bloodstream infections during treatment of acute leukemia","volume":"93","author":"Cattaneo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-017-0398-0","article-title":"A comparison of blood stream infections with extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing and non-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in pediatric patients","volume":"43","author":"Ozsurekci","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ital. J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-010-1093-x","article-title":"Risk factors for, and clinical relevance of, faecal extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) carriage in neutropenic patients with haematological malignancies","volume":"30","author":"Arnan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"253","article-title":"Fecal ESBL Escherichia coli carriage as a risk factor for bacteremia in patients with hematological malignancies","volume":"24","year":"2016","journal-title":"Support. Care Cancer Off. J. Multinatl. Assoc. Support. Care Cancer"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.08.030","article-title":"Management of KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae infections","volume":"24","author":"Bassetti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol Infect."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4159","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00365-16","article-title":"A Multinational, Preregistered Cohort Study of \u03b2-Lactam\/\u03b2-Lactamase Inhibitor Combinations for Treatment of Bloodstream Infections Due to Extended-Spectrum-\u03b2-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae","volume":"60","author":"Salamanca","year":"2016","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1836","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2013.091330","article-title":"Targeted therapy against multi-resistant bacteria in leukemic and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: Guidelines of the 4th European Conference on Infections in Leukemia (ECIL-4, 2011)","volume":"98","author":"Averbuch","year":"2013","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01009-09","article-title":"Updated functional classification of beta-lactamases","volume":"54","author":"Bush","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S28","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw282","article-title":"The Epidemiology of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae: The Impact and Evolution of a Global Menace","volume":"215","author":"Logan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"iii2","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dky027","article-title":"Treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria: Report of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy\/Healthcare Infection Society\/British Infection Association Joint Working Party","volume":"73","author":"Hawkey","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lomovskaya, O., Sun, D., Rubio-Aparicio, D., Nelson, K., Tsivkovski, R., Griffith, D.C., and Dudley, M.N. (2017). Vaborbactam: Spectrum of Beta-Lactamase Inhibition and Impact of Resistance Mechanisms on Activity in Enterobacteriaceae. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 61.","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01443-17"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lomovskaya, O., Tsivkovski, R., Nelson, K., Rubio-Aparicio, D., Sun, D., Totrov, M., and Dudley, M.N. (2020). Spectrum of Beta-Lactamase Inhibition by the Cyclic Boronate QPX7728, an Ultrabroad-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Inhibitor of Serine and Metallo-Beta-Lactamases: Enhancement of Activity of Multiple Antibiotics against Isogenic Strains Expressing Single Beta-Lactamases. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 64.","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00212-20"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00036-08","article-title":"AmpC beta-lactamases","volume":"22","author":"Jacoby","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/0966-842X(94)90611-4","article-title":"Extrachromosomal resistance in gram-negative organisms: The evolution of beta-lactamase","volume":"2","author":"Jacoby","year":"1994","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1923","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.12.027","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance islands: Resistance gene clusters in Salmonella chromosome and plasmids","volume":"8","author":"Miriagou","year":"2006","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25043","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2003407117","article-title":"Integrated chromosomal and plasmid sequence analyses reveal diverse modes of carbapenemase gene spread among Klebsiella pneumoniae","volume":"117","author":"David","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brolund, A., Lagerqvist, N., Byfors, S., Struelens, M.J., Monnet, D.L., Albiger, B., and Kohlenberg, A. (2019). Worsening epidemiological situation of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Europe, assessment by national experts from 37 countries, July. Eurosurveilliance, 24.","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.9.1900123"},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"668","article-title":"Global prevalence of carbapenem resistance in neutropenic patients and association with mortality and carbapenem use: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"72","author":"Righi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_46","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (2018). Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance in Europe\u2014Annual Report of the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network (EARS-Net) 2017, ECDC."},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"NORM\/NORM-VET (2019). Usage of Antimicrobial Agents and Occurence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Norway, NORM\/NORM-VET."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-019-0639-7","article-title":"Epidemiology of Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Egyptian intensive care units using National Healthcare-associated Infections Surveillance Data, 2011\u20132017","volume":"9","author":"Kotb","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Resist. Infect. Control."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e379","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30414-6","article-title":"Epidemiology of common resistant bacterial pathogens in the countries of the Arab League","volume":"18","author":"Moghnieh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"376","article-title":"Epidemiology of carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) during 2000\u20132012 in Asia","volume":"7","author":"Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Dis."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2018.05.019","article-title":"Review and mapping of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Africa: Using diverse data to inform surveillance gaps","volume":"52","author":"Mitgang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ssekatawa, K., Byarugaba, D.K., Wampande, E., and Ejobi, F. (2018). A systematic review: The current status of carbapenem resistance in East Africa. BMC Res. Notes, 11.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-018-3738-2"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1086\/677157","article-title":"Rising rates of carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae in community hospitals: A mixed-methods review of epidemiology and microbiology practices in a network of community hospitals in the southeastern United States","volume":"35","author":"Thaden","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect. Control. Hosp. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6787","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01359-16","article-title":"Results from the Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program on Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae, 2010 to 2014","volume":"60","author":"Mataseje","year":"2016","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1086\/675611","article-title":"Statewide surveillance of carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae in Michigan","volume":"35","author":"Brennan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect. Control. Hosp. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.01422","article-title":"Infections Due to Carbapenem-Resistant Bacteria in Patients With Hematologic Malignancies","volume":"11","author":"Lalaoui","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2014.231","article-title":"Infections by carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in SCT recipients: A nationwide retrospective survey from Italy","volume":"50","author":"Girmenia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transpl."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jaiswal, S.R., Gupta, S., Kumar, R.S., Sherawat, A., Rajoreya, A., Dash, S.K., Bhagwati, G., and Chakrabarti, S. (2018). Gut Colonization with Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae Adversely Impacts the Outcome in Patients with Hematological Malignancies: Results of A Prospective Surveillance Study. Mediterr. J. Hematol. Infect. Dis., 10.","DOI":"10.4084\/mjhid.2018.025"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkt002","article-title":"Longitudinal surveillance of bacteraemia in haematology and oncology patients at a UK cancer centre and the impact of ciprofloxacin use on antimicrobial resistance","volume":"68","author":"Schelenz","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ballo, O., Tarazzit, I., Stratmann, J., Reinheimer, C., Hogardt, M., Wichelhaus, T.A., Kempf, V., Serve, H., Finkelmeier, F., and Brandts, C. (2019). Colonization with multidrug resistant organisms determines the clinical course of patients with acute myeloid leukemia undergoing intensive induction chemotherapy. PLoS ONE, 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0210991"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-018-3341-6","article-title":"Bloodstream infections in haematological cancer patients colonized by multidrug-resistant bacteria","volume":"97","author":"Cattaneo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Micozzi, A., Gentile, G., Minotti, C., Cartoni, C., Capria, S., Ballar\u00f2, D., Santilli, S., Pacetti, E., Grammatico, S., and Bucaneve, G. (2017). Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in high-risk haematological patients: Factors favouring spread, risk factors and outcome of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremias. BMC Infect. Dis., 17.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2297-9"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.24489","article-title":"Bloodstream infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae in onco-hematological patients: Clinical impact of carbapenem resistance in a multicentre prospective survey","volume":"91","author":"Trecarichi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.3109\/10428194.2012.723210","article-title":"Emergence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae as causes of bloodstream infections in patients with hematologic malignancies","volume":"54","author":"Satlin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Leuk. Lymphoma"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.2012.01768.x","article-title":"Hematological: Low all-cause mortality and low occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in hematological patients with bacteremia receiving no antibacterial prophylaxis: A single-center study","volume":"88","author":"Kjellander","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, L., Wang, Y., Fan, X., Tang, W., and Hu, J. (2015). Prevalence of Resistant Gram-Negative Bacilli in Bloodstream Infection in Febrile Neutropenia Patients Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Single Center Retrospective Cohort Study. Medicine, 94.","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000001931"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-020-04144-w","article-title":"An eleven-year cohort of bloodstream infections in 552 febrile neutropenic patients: Resistance profiles of Gram-negative bacteria as a predictor of mortality","volume":"99","author":"Surme","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van Loon, K., Voor In\u2019t Holt, A.F., and Vos, M.C. (2018). A Systematic Review and Meta-analyses of the Clinical Epidemiology of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 62.","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01730-17"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.165.12.1430","article-title":"Rapid spread of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in New York City: A new threat to our antibiotic armamentarium","volume":"165","author":"Bratu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01180-07","article-title":"Plasmid-mediated carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase KPC-2 in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate from Greece","volume":"52","author":"Cuzon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01103-07","article-title":"Isolation of imipenem-resistant Enterobacter species: Emergence of KPC-2 carbapenemase, molecular characterization, epidemiology, and outcomes","volume":"52","author":"Marchaim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkq191","article-title":"Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae across a hospital system: Impact of post-acute care facilities on dissemination","volume":"65","author":"Perez","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.11189","article-title":"Risk factors and outcomes for carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia in onco-hematological patients","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dev. Ctries."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir202","article-title":"Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae: Epidemiology and prevention","volume":"53","author":"Gupta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2012.11.009","article-title":"Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae: A review of treatment and outcomes","volume":"75","author":"Kaye","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(13)70190-7","article-title":"Clinical epidemiology of the global expansion of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemases","volume":"13","author":"Poirel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2012.03821.x","article-title":"Rapid evolution and spread of carbapenemases among Enterobacteriaceae in Europe","volume":"18","author":"Carmeli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12748","article-title":"Combating the spread of carbapenemases in Enterobacteriaceae: A battle that infection prevention should not lose","volume":"20","author":"Savard","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12342","article-title":"Global dissemination of extensively drug-resistant carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae: Clinical perspectives on detection, treatment and infection control","volume":"277","author":"Giske","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12719","article-title":"The difficult-to-control spread of carbapenemase producers among Enterobacteriaceae worldwide","volume":"20","author":"Nordmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol Infect."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2017.03.012","article-title":"Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in the community: A scoping review","volume":"50","author":"Kelly","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang, H.J., Hsieh, C.F., Chang, P.C., Chen, J.J., Lin, Y.H., Lai, C.C., Chao, C.M., and Chuang, Y.C. (2016). Clinical Significance of Community- and Healthcare-Acquired Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Isolates. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0151897"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2015.09.006","article-title":"Demographic and infection characteristics of patients with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in a community hospital: Development of a bedside clinical score for risk assessment","volume":"44","author":"Miller","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Infect. Control."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.12480","article-title":"Epidemiology of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae in 7 US Communities, 2012\u20132013","volume":"314","author":"Guh","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.4066\/AMJ.2014.1926","article-title":"Carriage prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in stool samples: A surveillance study","volume":"7","author":"Rai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Australas. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_86","first-page":"E219","article-title":"Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance Community-onset Gram-negative Surveillance Program annual report, 2010","volume":"37","author":"Turnidge","year":"2013","journal-title":"Commun. Dis. Intell. Q. Rep."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.2900","article-title":"Faecal carriage of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae and carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli in community settings","volume":"7","author":"Villar","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dev. Ctries."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2981","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00971-12","article-title":"Distribution of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases, AmpC \u03b2-lactamases, and carbapenemases among Enterobacteriaceae isolates causing intra-abdominal infections in the Asia-Pacific region: Results of the study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends (SMART)","volume":"57","author":"Sheng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00020-12","article-title":"Fecal carriage of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae: A hidden reservoir in hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients","volume":"50","author":"Curiao","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2015.12.005","article-title":"Risk of infection following colonization with carbapenem-resistant Enterobactericeae: A systematic review","volume":"44","author":"Tischendorf","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Infect. Control."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir025","article-title":"Containment of a country-wide outbreak of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in Israeli hospitals via a nationally implemented intervention","volume":"52","author":"Schwaber","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1544208","article-title":"Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae","volume":"36","author":"Doi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12747","article-title":"Risk factors for carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infection among rectal carriers: A prospective observational multicentre study","volume":"20","author":"Giannella","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2016.1213472","article-title":"Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in special populations: Solid organ transplant recipients, stem cell transplant recipients, and patients with hematologic malignancies","volume":"8","author":"Pouch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu052","article-title":"The global challenge of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in transplant recipients and patients with hematologic malignancies","volume":"58","author":"Satlin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1086\/661597","article-title":"Outcomes and genetic relatedness of carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae at Detroit medical center","volume":"32","author":"Marchaim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infect. Control. Hosp. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-016-2710-0","article-title":"Risk factors and clinical outcomes for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae nosocomial infections","volume":"35","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Wang, Q., Yin, Y., Chen, H., Jin, L., Gu, B., Xie, L., Yang, C., Ma, X., and Li, H. (2018). Epidemiology of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Infections: Report from the China CRE Network. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 62.","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01882-17"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2014.05.010","article-title":"Clinical features of patients with carbapenem nonsusceptible Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli in intensive care units: A nationwide multicenter study in Taiwan","volume":"48","author":"Chang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Immunol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2007.130094","article-title":"Carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and hematologic malignancies","volume":"20","author":"Pagano","year":"2014","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tamma, P.D., and Simner, P.J. (2018). Phenotypic Detection of Carbapenemase-Producing Organisms from Clinical Isolates. J. Clin. Microbiol., 56.","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01140-18"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2019.04.011","article-title":"Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae: An emerging bacterial threat","volume":"36","author":"Lutgring","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin. Diagn. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_103","unstructured":"Public Health England (2019). Commercial Assays for the Detection of Acquired Carbapenemases, Public Health England."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.77.6211","article-title":"Outpatient Management of Fever and Neutropenia in Adults Treated for Malignancy: American Society of Clinical Oncology and Infectious Diseases Society of America Clinical Practice Guideline Update","volume":"36","author":"Taplitz","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_105","first-page":"228","article-title":"Management and Preventive Measures for Febrile Neutropenia","volume":"43","author":"Lucas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharm. Ther."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2017.06.003","article-title":"Epidemiology, management, and outcome of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infections in hospitals within the same endemic metropolitan area","volume":"11","author":"Cristina","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Infect. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gudiol, C., Royo-Cebrecos, C., Abdala, E., Akova, M., \u00c1lvarez, R., Maestro-de la Calle, G., Cano, A., Cervera, C., Clemente, W.T., and Mart\u00edn-D\u00e1vila, P. (2017). Efficacy of \u03b2-Lactam\/\u03b2-Lactamase Inhibitor Combinations for the Treatment of Bloodstream Infection Due to Extended-Spectrum-\u03b2-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Hematological Patients with Neutropenia. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 61.","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00164-17"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2305","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dku168","article-title":"Combination therapy for carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria","volume":"69","author":"Paul","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12697","article-title":"Treating infections caused by carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae","volume":"20","author":"Tzouvelekis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01222-13","article-title":"Antibiotic treatment of infections due to carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae: Systematic evaluation of the available evidence","volume":"58","author":"Falagas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00782-08","article-title":"Prospective observational study of the impact of VIM-1 metallo-beta-lactamase on the outcome of patients with Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infections","volume":"53","author":"Daikos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2108","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.06268-11","article-title":"Treatment outcome of bacteremia due to KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae: Superiority of combination antimicrobial regimens","volume":"56","author":"Qureshi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis588","article-title":"Predictors of mortality in bloodstream infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae: Importance of combination therapy","volume":"55","author":"Tumbarello","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03553.x","article-title":"Carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae: (When) might we still consider treating with carbapenems?","volume":"17","author":"Daikos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_115","unstructured":"The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (2021, February 02). Breakpoint Tables for Interpretation of MICs and Zone Diameters. Available online: https:\/\/www.eucast.org\/clinical_breakpoints\/."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2900","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00188-13","article-title":"Successful ertapenem-doripenem combination treatment of bacteremic ventilator-associated pneumonia due to colistin-resistant KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae","volume":"57","author":"Ceccarelli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2388","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02399-12","article-title":"Effectiveness of a double-carbapenem regimen for infections in humans due to carbapenemase-producing pandrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae","volume":"57","author":"Giamarellou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.09.014","article-title":"Bactericidal and synergistic activity of double-carbapenem regimen for infections caused by carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae","volume":"22","author":"Oliva","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3002","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01420-10","article-title":"Double-carbapenem therapy for carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae","volume":"55","author":"Bulik","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_120","first-page":"345","article-title":"Treatment Options for Carbapenem- Resistant Gram-Negative Infections","volume":"115","author":"Fritzenwanker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Deutsches \u00c4rzteblatt International"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2019.01.020","article-title":"Antimicrobial treatment challenges in the era of carbapenem resistance","volume":"94","author":"Peri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix783","article-title":"Colistin Versus Ceftazidime-Avibactam in the Treatment of Infections Due to Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae","volume":"66","author":"Lok","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shields, R.K., Nguyen, M.H., Chen, L., Press, E.G., Potoski, B.A., Marini, R.V., Doi, Y., Kreiswirth, B.N., and Clancy, C.J. (2017). Ceftazidime-Avibactam Is Superior to Other Treatment Regimens against Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Bacteremia. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 61.","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00883-17"},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Criscuolo, M., and Trecarichi, E.M. (2020). Ceftazidime\/Avibactam and Ceftolozane\/Tazobactam for Multidrug-Resistant Gram Negatives in Patients with Hematological Malignancies: Current Experiences. Antibiotics, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9020058"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5104","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01230-13","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro synergy of polymyxins and carbapenems","volume":"57","author":"Zusman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dki175","article-title":"Carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Brooklyn, NY: Molecular epidemiology and in vitro activity of polymyxin B and other agents","volume":"56","author":"Bratu","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3601","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.03007-15","article-title":"Combination Regimens for Treatment of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Bloodstream Infections","volume":"60","author":"Nelson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-0711-11-32","article-title":"Treatment of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) infections: A review of published case series and case reports","volume":"11","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Microbiol. Antimicrob."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.13816","article-title":"The challenge of antibiotic resistance in haematology patients","volume":"172","author":"Blennow","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."}],"container-title":["Antibiotics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6382\/10\/3\/322\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T05:38:13Z","timestamp":1760161093000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6382\/10\/3\/322"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]]},"references-count":129,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"alternative-id":["antibiotics10030322"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antibiotics10030322","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-6382"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-6382","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]]}}}