{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:55:11Z","timestamp":1760234111437,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,15]],"date-time":"2021-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618444800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001826","name":"ZonMw","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["205300005; RAPDIF"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["205300005; RAPDIF"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: nasopharynx colonization by resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae can lead to serious diseases. Emerging resistance to antibiotics commonly used to treat infections due to these pathogens poses a serious threat to the health system. The present study aimed to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of S. aureus and S. pneumoniae isolates from the febrile children\u2019s nasopharynx under 5 years in Nanoro (Burkina Faso). (2) Methods: bacterial isolates were identified from nasopharyngeal swabs prospectively collected from 629 febrile children. Antibiotic susceptibility of S. aureus and S. pneumoniae isolates was assessed by Kirby\u2013Bauer method and results were interpreted according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute guidelines. (3) Results: bacterial colonization was confirmed in 154 (24.5%) of children of whom 96.1% carried S. aureus, 3.2% had S. pneumoniae, and 0.6% carried both bacteria. S. aureus isolates showed alarming resistance to penicillin (96.0%) and S. pneumoniae was highly resistant to tetracycline (100%) and trimethoprim\u2013sulfamethoxazole (83.3%), and moderately resistant to penicillin (50.0%). Furthermore, 4.0% of S. aureus identified were methicillin resistant. (4) Conclusion: this study showed concerning resistance rates to antibiotics to treat suspected bacterial respiratory tract infections. The work highlights the necessity to implement continuous antibiotic resistance surveillance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10040444","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,15]],"date-time":"2021-04-15T12:11:00Z","timestamp":1618488660000},"page":"444","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Antibiotic Susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates from the Nasopharynx of Febrile Children under 5 Years in Nanoro, Burkina Faso"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Massa dit Achille","family":"Bonko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recherche en Science de la Sant\u00e9, Direction R\u00e9gionale du Centre-Ouest\/Unit\u00e9 de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Nanoro 18, Burkina Faso"},{"name":"Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Department of Medical Microbiology, Experimental Parasitology Unit, Academic Medical Center at the University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7547-2892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Palpouguini","family":"Lompo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recherche en Science de la Sant\u00e9, Direction R\u00e9gionale du Centre-Ouest\/Unit\u00e9 de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Nanoro 18, Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc Christian","family":"Tahita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recherche en Science de la Sant\u00e9, Direction R\u00e9gionale du Centre-Ouest\/Unit\u00e9 de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Nanoro 18, Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francois","family":"Kiemde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recherche en Science de la Sant\u00e9, Direction R\u00e9gionale du Centre-Ouest\/Unit\u00e9 de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Nanoro 18, Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ibrahima","family":"Karama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recherche en Science de la Sant\u00e9, Direction R\u00e9gionale du Centre-Ouest\/Unit\u00e9 de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Nanoro 18, Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Athanase M.","family":"Som\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recherche en Science de la Sant\u00e9, Direction R\u00e9gionale du Centre-Ouest\/Unit\u00e9 de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Nanoro 18, Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Petra F.","family":"Mens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Department of Medical Microbiology, Experimental Parasitology Unit, Academic Medical Center at the University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Menting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Department of Medical Microbiology, Experimental Parasitology Unit, Academic Medical Center at the University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Halidou","family":"Tinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recherche en Science de la Sant\u00e9, Direction R\u00e9gionale du Centre-Ouest\/Unit\u00e9 de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Nanoro 18, Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7096-6279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henk","family":"D. F. H. Schallig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Department of Medical Microbiology, Experimental Parasitology Unit, Academic Medical Center at the University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-010-1044-6","article-title":"Epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus colonization in healthy Venezuelan children","volume":"30","author":"Quintero","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(04)00938-7","article-title":"Streptococcus pneumoniae colonisation: The key to pneumococcal disease","volume":"4","author":"Bogaert","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. 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