{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T18:54:26Z","timestamp":1787079266775,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,23]],"date-time":"2021-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major cause of nosocomial infections because of its high resistance. Here, we study the antibiotic resistance in MRSA clinical isolates and their relation to integron I occurrence. A total of 88 clinical Staphylococcusaureus isolates were collected. MRSA were identified by the disk diffusion method (DDM) and confirmed by PCR, and antibiogram was determined by DDM. Integron I, II and the aacA4 gene were investigated by PCR. Integrase-positive strains were analyzed for the presence of resistance gene cassettes by sequencing. All isolates were identified as MRSA by DDM and confirmed by PCR. All isolates were resistant to ampicillin and cefoxitin. Concerning aminoglycosides, the frequency of resistance was reported for streptomycin (60.7%), tobramycin (37.1%) gentamicin (36%), and for amikacin (15.9%). Integron I was detected in 41 isolates (46.6%), while integron II was detected in three isolates (3.4%). Sequencing of the integron I-cassette indicated the exclusive prevalence of addA gene variants mediating aminoglycoside resistance. The aacA4 gene was found in DNA of 31 isolates (35.22%). This study revealed the high existence of MRSA. Furthermore, the AacA4 gene and class I integron harboring aadA gene were predominant in MRSA isolates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10050488","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,23]],"date-time":"2021-04-23T12:08:30Z","timestamp":1619179710000},"page":"488","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["The Link between Occurrence of Class I Integron and Acquired Aminoglycoside Resistance in Clinical MRSA Isolates"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7290-6907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed M.","family":"El-Baz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 11152, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9466-7863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Galal","family":"Yahya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics, TU Kaiserlautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6266-8864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Basem","family":"Mansour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 11152, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2479-3984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed M. A.","family":"El-Sokkary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reem","family":"Alshaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 471, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4909-7723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdullah","family":"Alattar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 471, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2694-1998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amira M.","family":"El-Ganiny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pollitt, E.J., Szkuta, P.T., Burns, N., and Foster, S.J. 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