{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T09:58:51Z","timestamp":1788602331172,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]],"date-time":"2021-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic and infected leg ulcers (LUs) are painful, debilitating, resistant to antibiotics, and immensely reduce a patient\u2019s quality of life. The purpose of our study was to demonstrate the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the treatment of infected chronic LUs. Patients were randomized into two experimental groups: the first group received 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) (10 patients), and the second group of 10 patients received local octenidine dihydrochloride (Octenilin gel) exposed to a placebo light source with an inserted filter that mimiced red light. In the PDT group, we used 20% ALA topically applied for 4 hrs and irradiation from a Diomed laser source with a wavelength of 630 nm at a fluency of 80 J\/cm2. ALA-PDT was performed 10 times during a 14-day hospitalization in 10 patients of both sexes aged 40\u201385 years with chronic leg ulcers. Treatments were carried out at 3-week intervals for 3\u20135 cycles. At 8-month follow-up with the PDT group, complete remission (CR) was obtained in four patients (40%), partial response (&gt;50% reduction in ulcer diameter) in four patients (40%), and no response in two patients (20%) who additionally developed deterioration of the local condition with swelling, erythema, and inflammation. To assess the degree of pain during the trials, we used a numeric rating scale (NRS). From the preliminary results obtained, we concluded that PDT can be used to treat leg ulcers as a minimally invasive and effective method with no serious side effects, although further studies on a larger group of patients with LUs are warranted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10050506","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]],"date-time":"2021-04-29T10:30:41Z","timestamp":1619692241000},"page":"506","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Photodynamic Therapy for the Treatment of Infected Leg Ulcers\u2014A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Krupka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department of Internal Medicine, Dermatology and Allergology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 10, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Centre for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Batorego 15, 41-902 Bytom, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrzej","family":"Bo\u017cek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department of Internal Medicine, Dermatology and Allergology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 10, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5557-5464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dorota","family":"Bartusik-Aebisher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and General Chemistry, Medical College of the University of Rzesz\u00f3w, University of Rzesz\u00f3w, Kopisto 2A, 35-310 Rzesz\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2210-8744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grzegorz","family":"Cie\u015blar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Centre for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Batorego 15, 41-902 Bytom, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1284-3809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Kawczyk-Krupka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Centre for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Batorego 15, 41-902 Bytom, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1902","article-title":"Venous leg ulcers","volume":"2016","author":"Nelson","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Clin. 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