{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T11:27:06Z","timestamp":1787657226466,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]],"date-time":"2021-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Agency for Research and Development (ANID) FONDECYT Iniciaci\u00f3n","award":["11181017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11181017"]}]},{"name":"Comisi\u00f3n Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica (CONICYT)","award":["FONDECYT 1171805"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FONDECYT 1171805"]}]},{"name":"ANID Millenium Science Initiative, MICROB-R, Government of Chile.","award":["NCN17_081"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NCN17_081"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Antibiotic-resistant bacteria of critical importance for global health such as extended-spectrum beta-lactamases-producing (ESBL)-Escherichia coli have been detected in livestock, dogs, and wildlife worldwide. However, the dynamics of ESBL-E. coli between these animals remains poorly understood, particularly in small-scale farms of low and middle-income countries where contact between species can be frequent. We compared the prevalence of fecal carriage of ESBL-E. coli among 332 livestock (207 cows, 15 pigs, 60 horses, 40 sheep, 6 goats, 4 chickens), 82 dogs, and wildlife including 131 European rabbits, 30 rodents, and 12 Andean foxes sharing territory in peri-urban localities of central Chile. The prevalence was lower in livestock (3.0%) and wildlife (0.5%) compared to dogs (24%). Among 47 ESBL-E. coli isolates recovered, CTX-M-group 1 was the main ESBL genotype identified, followed by CTX-M-groups 2, 9, 8, and 25. ERIC-PCR showed no cluster of E. coli clones by either host species nor locality. To our knowledge, this is the first report of ESBL-E. coli among sheep, cattle, dogs, and rodents of Chile, confirming their fecal carriage among domestic and wild animals in small-scale farms. The high prevalence of ESBL-E. coli in dogs encourages further investigation on their role as potential reservoirs of this bacteria in agricultural settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10050510","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]],"date-time":"2021-04-30T05:10:55Z","timestamp":1619759455000},"page":"510","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["ESBL-Producing Escherichia\u00a0coli Carrying CTX-M Genes Circulating among Livestock, Dogs, and Wild Mammals in Small-Scale Farms of Central Chile"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3920-9165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julio A.","family":"Benavides","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ecolog\u00eda y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andr\u00e9s Bello, Santiago 8320000, Chile"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n para la Sustentabilidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andr\u00e9s Bello, Santiago 8320000, Chile"},{"name":"Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research on Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago 7550000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4630-6497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00edlia","family":"Salgado-Caxito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research on Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago 7550000, Chile"},{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago 7820244, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6382-7625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9s","family":"Opazo-Capurro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research on Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago 7550000, Chile"},{"name":"Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidad de Concepci\u00f3n, Concepci\u00f3n 4070386, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulina","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research on Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago 7550000, Chile"},{"name":"Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidad de Concepci\u00f3n, Concepci\u00f3n 4070386, Chile"},{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas y Qu\u00edmicas, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebasti\u00e1n, Concepci\u00f3n 4030000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Pi\u00f1eiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andr\u00e9s Bello, Santiago 8320000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Macarena","family":"Otto Medina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ecolog\u00eda y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andr\u00e9s Bello, Santiago 8320000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Rivas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research on Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago 7550000, Chile"},{"name":"Genomics and Resistance Microbes (GeRM) Lab, Facultad de Medicina CAS\u2014UDD, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovaci\u00f3n en Medicina (ICIM), Santiago 7550000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7870-1056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose","family":"Munita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research on Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago 7550000, Chile"},{"name":"Genomics and Resistance Microbes (GeRM) Lab, Facultad de Medicina CAS\u2014UDD, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovaci\u00f3n en Medicina (ICIM), Santiago 7550000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5608-781X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Mill\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ecolog\u00eda y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andr\u00e9s Bello, Santiago 8320000, Chile"},{"name":"Instituto Agroalimentario de Arag\u00f3n-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain"},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n ARAID, Avda. de Ranillas, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2019). 2019 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