{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T04:25:37Z","timestamp":1788495937536,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]],"date-time":"2021-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) resistance to commonly prescribed drugs is increasing in Vietnam. During pregnancy, ESBL-E may predispose women to reproductive tract infections and increases the risk for neonatal morbidity. Vaginal colonization and infections by Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae are seldom studied in Vietnam. In this study, we investigated ESBL-producing Enterobacterales in the birth canal of pregnant women. Between 2016 and 2020, vaginal swabs were collected from 3104 pregnant women (mean gestational age of 31 weeks) and inoculated onto MacConkey agar plates. Colonies were subjected to direct identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the VITEK\u00ae-2 automated compact system and disk diffusion. ESBL production was determined phenotypically. E. coli, Klebsiella species were identified in 30% (918\/3104) of the vaginal swabs, with E. coli being the most common (73%; 667\/918). ESBL-production was detected in 47% (432\/918) of Enterobacterales, with frequent multidrug-resistant phenotype. The overall prevalence of carbapenem resistance was low (8%). Over 20% of Klebsiella spp. were carbapenem-resistant. Pregnant women had a high prevalence of colonization and may transmit ESBL-E to neonates at birth, an important risk factor to be considered. The high rate of ESBL-producers and carbapenem resistance in Enterobacterales in Vietnam emphasizes the need for consequent surveillance and access to molecular typing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10050572","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]],"date-time":"2021-05-13T11:10:06Z","timestamp":1620904206000},"page":"572","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Maternal Vaginal Colonization and Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Bacteria in Vietnamese Pregnant Women"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Nguyen Thanh","family":"Viet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi 121-08, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vu","family":"Van Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hanoi 110-02, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nghiem Duc","family":"Thuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ENT Department, 103 Military Hospital, Vietnamese Military Medical University, Hanoi 121-08, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7170-8810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hoang","family":"Van Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi 121-08, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nguyen Linh","family":"Toan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Post-Graduate Training Management, Vietnamese Military Medical University, Hanoi 121-08, Vietnam"},{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, Vietnamese Military Medical University, Hanoi 121-08, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Can","family":"Van Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, Vietnamese Military Medical University, Hanoi 121-08, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nguyen","family":"Van Tuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Vietnamese Military Medical University, Hanoi 121-08, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1669-1515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Srinivas Reddy","family":"Pallerla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum T\u00fcbingen, Wilhelmstrasse 27, 72074 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1278-5939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dennis","family":"Nurjadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9809-9883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thirumalaisamy P.","family":"Velavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum T\u00fcbingen, Wilhelmstrasse 27, 72074 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"},{"name":"Vietnamese-German Centre for Medical Research (VG-CARE), Hanoi 116-10, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ho Anh","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi 121-08, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO (2017). 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