{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T12:10:33Z","timestamp":1790856633646,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]],"date-time":"2021-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The increasing number of hospital-acquired infections demand the development of innovative antimicrobial treatments. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is a versatile technique which relies on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by light-irradiated photosensitizers (PS) in the presence of oxygen (O2). 1H-Phenalen-1-one is a very efficient photosensitizer known for its high singlet oxygen quantum yield and its antimicrobial potential in aPDT when covalently bound to quaternary ammonium groups. Triazolium salts are stable aromatic quaternary ammonium salts that recently appeared as interesting moieties endowed with antimicrobial activities. The coupling between phenalenone and triazolium groups bearing various substituents was realized by copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition followed by alkylation with methyl iodide or 2-(bromomethyl)-1H-phenalen-1-one. As expected, most of the compounds retained the initial singlet oxygen quantum yield, close to unity. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 14 new phenalenone-triazolium salt derivatives and 2 phenalenone-triazole derivatives were determined against 6 bacterial strains (Gram-negatives and Gram-positives species). Most of these PS showed significant photoinactivation activities, the strongest effects being observed against Gram-positive strains with as low as submicromolar MIC values.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10060626","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]],"date-time":"2021-05-24T23:35:05Z","timestamp":1621899305000},"page":"626","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Development of Phenalenone-Triazolium Salt Derivatives for aPDT: Synthesis and Antibacterial Screening"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"J\u00e9r\u00e9my","family":"Godard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 des Sciences et Techniques, Universit\u00e9 de Limoges, PEIRENE, EA 7500, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, CEDEX, 87060 Limoges, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D\u00e1ire","family":"Gibbons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 des Sciences et Techniques, Universit\u00e9 de Limoges, PEIRENE, EA 7500, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, CEDEX, 87060 Limoges, France"},{"name":"Molecular Photonics Group, Van \u2019t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6933-1372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"St\u00e9phanie","family":"Leroy-Lhez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 des Sciences et Techniques, Universit\u00e9 de Limoges, PEIRENE, EA 7500, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, CEDEX, 87060 Limoges, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9490-6182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ren\u00e9 M.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Photonics Group, Van \u2019t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Villandier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 des Sciences et Techniques, Universit\u00e9 de Limoges, PEIRENE, EA 7500, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, CEDEX, 87060 Limoges, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8576-5106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tan-Soth\u00e9a","family":"Ouk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 des Sciences et Techniques, Universit\u00e9 de Limoges, PEIRENE, EA 7500, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, CEDEX, 87060 Limoges, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9880-7616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9rique","family":"Br\u00e9gier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 des Sciences et Techniques, Universit\u00e9 de Limoges, PEIRENE, EA 7500, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, CEDEX, 87060 Limoges, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0175-0156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincent","family":"Sol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 des Sciences et Techniques, Universit\u00e9 de Limoges, PEIRENE, EA 7500, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, CEDEX, 87060 Limoges, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61458-4","article-title":"Burden of Endemic Health-Care-Associated Infection in Developing Countries: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"377","author":"Allegranzi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agaba, P., Tumukunde, J., Tindimwebwa, J.V.B., and Kwizera, A. 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