{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T21:21:02Z","timestamp":1788384062793,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]],"date-time":"2021-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cotula cinerea, belonging to the tribe Anthemideae, is a plant widespread in the Southern hemisphere. It is frequently used in folk medicine in North African countries for several of its medical properties, shown by its extracts and essential oils. The dichloromethane extract obtained from its aerial parts demonstrated antibiotic activity against Enterococcus faecalis and was fractionated by bioguided purification procedures affording five main sesquiterpene lactones. They were identified by spectroscopic methods (NMR and ESIMS data) as guaiantrienolides, i.e., 6-acetoxy-1\u03b2-,6-acetoxy-1\u03b1-, and 6-acetoxy-10-\u03b2-hydroxyguaiantrienolide (1\u20133), and germacrenolides, i.e., haagenolide and 1,10-epoxyhaagenolide (4 and 5). The absolute configuration was assigned by applying the advanced Mosher\u2019s method to haagenolide and by X-ray diffraction analysis to 1,10-epoxyhaagenolide. The specific antibiotic and antibiofilm activities were tested toward the clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecalis. The results showed that compounds 3\u20135 have antibacterial activity against all the strains of E. faecalis, while compound 2 exhibited activity only toward some strains. Compound 1 did not show this activity but had only antibiofilm properties. Thus, these metabolites have potential as new antibiotics and antibiofilm against drug resistant opportunistic pathogens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10070819","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]],"date-time":"2021-07-06T11:36:44Z","timestamp":1625571404000},"page":"819","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Sesquiterpene Lactones from Cotula cinerea with Antibiotic Activity against Clinical Isolates of Enterococcus faecalis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1551-4237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessio","family":"Cimmino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant\u2019Angelo, via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuela","family":"Roscetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0609-8902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Masi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant\u2019Angelo, via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Tuzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant\u2019Angelo, via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imene","family":"Radjai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecole Nationale Sup\u00e9rieure Agronomique, D\u00e9partement de Zoologie Agricole et Foresti\u00e8re, Belfort, El-Harrach, Algers 16200, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chakali","family":"Gahdab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecole Nationale Sup\u00e9rieure Agronomique, D\u00e9partement de Zoologie Agricole et Foresti\u00e8re, Belfort, El-Harrach, Algers 16200, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rossella","family":"Paolillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amedeo","family":"Guarino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Section of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8765-137X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Rosaria","family":"Catania","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9110-1656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Evidente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant\u2019Angelo, via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo2020303","article-title":"A historical overview of natural products in drug discovery","volume":"16","author":"Dias","year":"2012","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thomford, N.E., Senthebane, D.A., Rowe, A., Munro, D., Seele, P., Maroyi, A., and Dzobo, K. (2018). Natural products for drug discovery in the 21st century: Innovations for novel drug discovery. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19061578"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anastasiou, T.I., Mandalakis, M., Krigas, N., V\u00e9zignol, T., Lazari, D., Katharios, P., Dailianis, T., and Antonopoulou, E. (2019). Comparative evaluation of essential oils from medicinal-aromatic plants of Greece: Chemical composition, antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial activity against bacterial fish pathogens. Molecules, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25010148"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Masi, M., Roscetto, E., Cimmino, A., Catania, M.R., Surico, G., and Evidente, A. (2021). Farnesane-type sesquiterpenoids with antibiotic activity from Chiliadenus Lopadusanus. Antibiotics, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10020148"},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO) (2020, April 08). Antimicrobial Resistance No Time to Wait: Securing the Future from Drug-Resistant Infections. Report to the Secretary-General of the United Nations. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/antimicrobial-resistance\/interagency-coordination-group\/IACG_final_report_EN.pdf?ua=1."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2012.00983.x","article-title":"Phenotypes selected during chronic lung infection in cystic fibrosis patients: Implications for the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm infections","volume":"65","author":"Ciofu","year":"2012","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.000032","article-title":"Healthcare-associated infections, medical devices and biofilms: Risk, tolerance and control","volume":"64","author":"Percival","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e364","DOI":"10.4317\/medoral.22907","article-title":"Influence of microbiology on endodontic failure","volume":"24","author":"Prada","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med. Oral Patol. Oral Cir. Bucal."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1943","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-018-5230-x","article-title":"Bacterial biofilm formation is variably inhibited by different formulations of antibiotic-loaded bone cement in vitro","volume":"27","author":"Balato","year":"2019","journal-title":"Knee Surg. Sports Traumatol. Arthrosc."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fux010","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of biofilm-based antibiotic resistance and tolerance in pathogenic bacteria","volume":"41","author":"Hall","year":"2017","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02192","article-title":"Challenges of intervention, treatment, and antibiotic resistance of biofilm-forming microorganisms","volume":"5","author":"Gebreyohannes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"67","article-title":"Division of labor in biofilms: The ecology of cell differentiation","volume":"3","author":"Vlamakis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Osbourn, A.E., and Lanzotti, V. (2009). Plant-Derived Products, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-85498-4"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dewick, P.M. (2009). Medicinal Natural Products\u2014A Biosynthetic Approach, Wiley and Sons Ltd.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470742761"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2325","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.5433","article-title":"Pesticidal natural products\u2014Status and future potential","volume":"75","author":"Marrone","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pest Man. Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.5b01055","article-title":"Natural products as sources of new drugs from 1981 to 2014","volume":"79","author":"Newman","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Heywood, V.B., Harborne, J.B., and Turner, B.L. (1977). The Biology and Chemistry of the Compositae, Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1080\/0028825X.1972.10429156","article-title":"A revision of the New Zealand, Subantarctic, and South American species of Cotula, section Leptinella","volume":"10","author":"Lloyd","year":"1972","journal-title":"N. Z. J. Bot."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/S0367-326X(99)00042-8","article-title":"Antibacterial activity of Cotula cinerea extracts","volume":"70","author":"Markouk","year":"1999","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4664","DOI":"10.1039\/C8FO01392F","article-title":"Phenolic profile and in vitro bioactive potential of Saharan Juniperus phoenicea L. and Cotula cinerea (Del) growing in Algeria","volume":"9","author":"Ghouti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.2174\/1871530320666200513081312","article-title":"Antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant effects of Cotula cinerea (Del) in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats","volume":"20","author":"Amssayef","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocr. Metab. Immune. Disord. Drug Targets"},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"237","article-title":"A study of the flavonoid content of Cotula cinerea Del","volume":"14","author":"Mahran","year":"1976","journal-title":"Bull. Far. Pbann. (Cairo Univ.)"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1021\/np50051a037","article-title":"Flavonoids of Cotula cinerea","volume":"50","author":"Ahmed","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(00)94543-6","article-title":"Glaucolide-like sesquiterpene lactones from Cotula cinerea","volume":"25","author":"Metwally","year":"1985","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(00)80812-2","article-title":"Sesquiterpene-coumarin ethers and polyacetylenes from Bfrocchia cinerea","volume":"24","author":"Greger","year":"1985","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(00)00257-9","article-title":"Evaluation of some Moroccan medicinal plant extracts for larvicidal activity","volume":"73","author":"Markouk","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.823","article-title":"The antipyretic activity of some Moroccan medicinal plants","volume":"16","author":"Larhsini","year":"2002","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salhi, N., Mohammed Saghir, S.A., Terzi, V., Brahmi, I., Ghedairi, N., and Bissati, S. (2017). Antifungal activity of aqueous extracts of some dominant Algerian medicinal plants. BioMed Res. Int.","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/7526291"},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"553","article-title":"Management of a noxious weed; Melilotus indicus L. via allelopathy of Cotula cinerea","volume":"3","author":"Hemada","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Res."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"266","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity of xerophytic plant (Cotula cinerea Delile) extracts against some pathogenic bacteria and fungi","volume":"6","author":"Bensizerara","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Appl. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00856-12","article-title":"Enterococcus faecalis overcomes foreign body-mediated inflammation to establish urinary tract infections","volume":"81","author":"Guiton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S54125","article-title":"Vancomycin-resistant enterococcal infections: Epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and optimal management","volume":"24","author":"Crank","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect. Drug Resist."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-018-0107-z","article-title":"Biofilm-associated infection by enterococci","volume":"17","author":"Chong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1086\/591536","article-title":"Outcome of enterococcal prosthetic joint infection: Is combination systemic therapy superior to monotherapy?","volume":"47","author":"Berbari","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra040181","article-title":"Prosthetic-joint infections","volume":"351","author":"Zimmerli","year":"2004","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.3109\/00365540903186207","article-title":"Microbiology of the infected knee arthroplasty: Report from the Swedish Knee Arthroplasty Register on 426 surgically revised cases","volume":"41","author":"Johansson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Scand. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2708","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-012-2374-8","article-title":"Low rate of infection control in enterococcal periprosthetic joint infections","volume":"470","author":"Rasouli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1302\/2058-5241.4.180095","article-title":"Implant materials and prosthetic joint infection: The battle with the biofilm","volume":"4","author":"Davidson","year":"2019","journal-title":"EFORT Open Rev."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2016.01.002","article-title":"Quantification of lipoteichoic acid contents and cultivable bacteria at the different phases of the endodontic retreatment","volume":"42","author":"Zaia","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Endod."},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"e7257","article-title":"The influence of Enterococcus faecalis as a dental root canal pathogen on endodontic treatment: A systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Alghamdi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00058-18","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00058-18","article-title":"The enterococcus: A model of adaptability to its environment","volume":"32","author":"Ricea","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1111\/jicd.12045","article-title":"Analysis of the secondary endodontic lesions focusing on the extraradicular microorganisms: An overview","volume":"5","author":"Samaranayake","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Investig. Clin. Dent."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9422(88)80130-4","article-title":"Further glaucolides and other sesquiterpene lactones from Brocchia cinerea","volume":"27","author":"Jakupovic","year":"1988","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(00)94308-5","article-title":"New sesquiterpene lactones from Inula species","volume":"17","author":"Bohlmann","year":"1978","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(00)82444-9","article-title":"New germacranolides from Inula heterolepis","volume":"21","author":"Bohlmann","year":"1982","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2017.02.037","article-title":"Application of Mosher\u2019s method for absolute configuration assignment to bioactive plants and fungi metabolites","volume":"144","author":"Cimmino","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2009.12.011","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance of bacterial biofilms","volume":"35","author":"Bjarnsholt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00013-14","article-title":"Biofilm-related infections: Bridging the gap between clinical managemen and fundamental aspects of recalcitrance toward antibiotics","volume":"78","author":"Lebeaux","year":"2014","journal-title":"Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2630","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.33803","article-title":"Biofilm formation and antimicrobial susceptibility of staphylococci and enterococci from osteomyelitis associated with percutaneous orthopaedic implants","volume":"105","author":"Zaborowska","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. B Appl. Biomater."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl013","article-title":"Measurement of ampicillin, vancomycin, linezolid and gentamicin activity against enterococcal biofilms","volume":"57","author":"Sandoe","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2842","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.06326-11","article-title":"Action of linezolid or vancomycin on biofilms in ventriculoperitoneal shunts in vitro","volume":"56","author":"Bayston","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2011.05.002","article-title":"Efficacy of tigecycline and rifampin alone and in combination against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm infection in a rat model of ureteral stent","volume":"176","author":"Minardi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Surg. Res."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2013.07.012","article-title":"In vitro efficacy of fosfomycin-based combinations against clinical vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus isolates","volume":"77","author":"Tang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02583-12","article-title":"Activities of fosfomycin and rifampin on planktonic and adherent Enterococcus faecalis strains in an experimental foreign-body infection model","volume":"58","author":"Oliva","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.12.024","article-title":"Tissue damage after sodium hypochlorite extrusion during root canal treatment","volume":"108","author":"Herrera","year":"2009","journal-title":"Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.2008.01540.x","article-title":"The properties and applications of chlorhexidine in endodontics","volume":"42","author":"Mohammadi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. Endod. J."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12721","article-title":"Characteristics of prosthetic joint infections due to Enterococcus sp. and predictors of failure: A multi-national study","volume":"20","author":"Tornero","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2020.100033","article-title":"The evolution from the two stage to the one stage procedure for biofilm based periprosthetic joint infections (PJI)","volume":"2","author":"Maale","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biofilm"},{"key":"ref_59","unstructured":"Berger, S., and Braun, S. (2004). 200 and More Basic NMR Experiments\u2014A Practical Course, Wiley-VCH. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1107\/S0021889898007717","article-title":"SIR97: A new tool for crystal structure determination and refinement","volume":"32","author":"Altomare","year":"1999","journal-title":"Appl. Cryst."},{"key":"ref_61","first-page":"3","article-title":"SHELXT\u2013Integrated space-group and crystal-structure determination","volume":"C71","author":"Sheldrick","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Cryst."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1107\/S0021889812029111","article-title":"WinGX and ORTEP for Windows: An update","volume":"45","author":"Farrugia","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Appl. Cryst."},{"key":"ref_63","first-page":"660","article-title":"The use of Mo K\u03b1 radiation in the assignment of the absolute configuration of light-atom molecules; the importance of high-resolution data","volume":"B70","author":"Ballester","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Cryst."},{"key":"ref_64","first-page":"249","article-title":"Use of intensity quotients and differences in absolute structure refinement","volume":"B69","author":"Parsons","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Cryst."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tetasy.2017.08.018","article-title":"Determination of absolute configuration using X-ray diffraction","volume":"28","author":"Parsons","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tetrahedron Asymmetry"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1107\/S0021889802022112","article-title":"Single-crystal structure validation with the program PLATON","volume":"36","author":"Spek","year":"2003","journal-title":"Appl. Crystallogr."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1107\/S0021889807067908","article-title":"Mercury CSD 2.0\u2014New features for the visualization and investigation of crystal structures","volume":"41","author":"Macrae","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Appl. Cryst."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0463.2007.apm_630.x","article-title":"Quantification of biofilm in microtiter plates: Overview of testing conditions and practical recommendations for assessment of biofilm production by Staphylococci","volume":"115","author":"Hola","year":"2007","journal-title":"APMIS"}],"container-title":["Antibiotics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6382\/10\/7\/819\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:26:33Z","timestamp":1760163993000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6382\/10\/7\/819"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}},"alternative-id":["antibiotics10070819"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antibiotics10070819","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-6382"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-6382","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]]}}}