{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T04:17:18Z","timestamp":1790828238553,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]],"date-time":"2021-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aims to investigate (1) microbial patterns in fracture-related infections (FRIs) in comparison to microbiological patterns of periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs), (2) the identification of effective empiric antibiotic therapy for FRIs and PJIs and (3) analysis of difficult-to-treat (DTT) pathogens. Patients treated for FRIs or PJIs from 2017 to 2020 were evaluated for pathogens detected during treatment. Antibiotic susceptibility profiles were examined with respect to broadly used antibiotics and antibiotic combinations. Resistance rates to rifampicin or fluoroquinolone were determined. A total of 81 patients with PJI and 86 with FRI were included in the study. For FRIs Staphylococcus aureus was the most common infection-causing pathogen (37.4% vs. 27.9% for PJI). Overall, there was no statistical difference in pathogen distribution (p = 0.254). For FRIs, combinations of gentamicin + vancomycin (93.2%), co-amoxiclav + glycopeptide and meropenem + vancomycin (91.9% each) would have been effective for empiric therapy, similar to PJIs. Difficult to treat pathogens were more frequently detectable in PJIs (11.6% vs. 2.3%). Empiric therapy combinations such as gentamicin + vancomycin, co-amoxiclav + glycopeptide or meropenem + vancomycin, are effective antibiotic strategies for both FRI and PJI patients. More DTT pathogens were detectable in PJIs compared to FRIs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10080921","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]],"date-time":"2021-07-29T02:18:24Z","timestamp":1627525104000},"page":"921","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Is There a Difference in Microbiological Epidemiology and Effective Empiric Antimicrobial Therapy Comparing Fracture-Related Infection and Periprosthetic Joint Infection? A Retrospective Comparative Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7221-3783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markus","family":"Rupp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Baertl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0654-2076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nike","family":"Walter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4374-2787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florian","family":"Hitzenbichler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection Prevention and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Ehrenschwender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Volker","family":"Alt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200704000-00012","article-title":"Projections of primary and revision hip and knee arthroplasty in the United States from 2005 to 2030","volume":"89","author":"Kurtz","year":"2007","journal-title":"JBJS"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.10.074","article-title":"Prevention of infection in open fractures: Where are the pendulums now?","volume":"51","author":"Rupp","year":"2019","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1622","DOI":"10.1097\/CORR.0000000000001214","article-title":"Projections of Primary TKA and THA in Germany from 2016 through 2040","volume":"478","author":"Rupp","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. 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