{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T20:03:28Z","timestamp":1789502608485,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]],"date-time":"2021-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The development of opportunistic pathogenic Candida strains insensitive to several classes of antifungals has emerged as a major health care problem during the last years. Combinational therapy of natural products (e.g., essential oils, EOs) with conventional antifungals has been suggested as a promising alternative to overcome this medical problem. The present study investigates the potential antifungal activity of EOs extracted from some selected medicinal plants, alone and in combination with two common conventional antifungals (fluconazole and amphotericin B) against four clinical Candida isolates. MIC assays indicated that EOs induced strong anticandidal activities with MIC values ranging from 0.162 to 4.950 mg\/mL. The combination of amphotericin B with Thymus leptobotrys, Origanum compactum and Artemisia herba alba EOs provided a synergistic effect against C. krusei only, with MIC gain of four-fold, and additive effect against remaining strains (MIC gain = two-fold). Interesting synergistic interactions were observed by combining all studied EOs with fluconazole, with reduction rates of their MICs ranging from 16 to 512-fold. This synergistic effect was very pronounced with the combination of T. leptobotrys EO and fluconazole. These findings indicate that studied EOs can be used as anti-candidals in combination with antifungals, particularly fluconazole, to counteract the emergence of resistant Candida spp.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10091049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]],"date-time":"2021-08-27T09:53:23Z","timestamp":1630058003000},"page":"1049","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Synergistic Anticandidal Effects of Six Essential Oils in Combination with Fluconazole or Amphotericin B against Four Clinically Isolated Candida Strains"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Bouchra","family":"Soulaimani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Agrosciences and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech 40000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7287-2188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Varoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5063-1236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcello","family":"Iriti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nour-Eddine","family":"Mezrioui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Agrosciences and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech 40000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lahcen","family":"Hassani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Agrosciences and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech 40000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7524-2747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdelaziz","family":"Abbad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Agrosciences and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech 40000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00045-10","article-title":"Regulatory circuitry governing fungal development, drug resistance, and disease","volume":"75","author":"Shapiro","year":"2011","journal-title":"Microbiol. 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