{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T01:12:40Z","timestamp":1790817160725,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":124,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,13]],"date-time":"2021-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631491200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTIs) are rare life-threatening bacterial infections characterized by an extensive necrosis of skin and subcutaneous tissues. Initial urgent management of NSTIs relies on broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, rapid surgical debridement of all infected tissues and, when present, treatment of associated organ failures in the intensive care unit. Antibiotic therapy for NSTI patients faces several challenges and should (1) carry broad-spectrum activity against gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens because of frequent polymicrobial infections, considering extended coverage for multidrug resistance in selected cases. In practice, a broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic (e.g., piperacillin-tazobactam) is the mainstay of empirical therapy; (2) decrease toxin production, typically using a clindamycin combination, mainly in proven or suspected group A streptococcus infections; and (3) achieve the best possible tissue diffusion with regards to impaired regional perfusion, tissue necrosis, and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic alterations. The best duration of antibiotic treatment has not been well established and is generally comprised between 7 and 15 days. This article reviews the currently available knowledge regarding antibiotic use in NSTIs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10091104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,13]],"date-time":"2021-09-13T21:37:12Z","timestamp":1631569032000},"page":"1104","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Antibiotics in Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3745-9427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomas","family":"Urbina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"M\u00e9decine Intensive R\u00e9animation, H\u00f4pital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75571 Paris, France"},{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Universit\u00e9 Pierre-et-Marie Curie, 75001 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keyvan","family":"Razazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"M\u00e9decine Intensive R\u00e9animation, H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 94010 Cr\u00e9teil, France"},{"name":"Groupe de Recherche Clinique CARMAS, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 Paris Est Cr\u00e9teil, 94010 Cr\u00e9teil, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e9ment","family":"Ourghanlian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Pharmacie, H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 94010 Cr\u00e9teil, France"},{"name":"Unit\u00e9 Transversale de Traitement des Infections, D\u00e9partement de Pr\u00e9vention, Diagnostic et Traitement des Infections, H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 94010 Cr\u00e9teil, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6957-9482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul-Louis","family":"Woerther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Pr\u00e9vention, Diagnostic et Traitement des Infections, H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 94010 Cr\u00e9teil, France"},{"name":"Research Group Dynamic, Facult\u00e9 de Sant\u00e9 de Cr\u00e9teil, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Est Cr\u00e9teil Val de Marne (UPEC), 94010 Cr\u00e9teil, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8400-4310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivier","family":"Chosidow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group Dynamic, Facult\u00e9 de Sant\u00e9 de Cr\u00e9teil, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Est Cr\u00e9teil Val de Marne (UPEC), 94010 Cr\u00e9teil, France"},{"name":"Service de Dermatologie, H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 94010 Cr\u00e9teil, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rapha\u00ebl","family":"Lepeule","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 Transversale de Traitement des Infections, D\u00e9partement de Pr\u00e9vention, Diagnostic et Traitement des Infections, H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 94010 Cr\u00e9teil, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4833-4320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"de Prost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"M\u00e9decine Intensive R\u00e9animation, H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 94010 Cr\u00e9teil, France"},{"name":"Groupe de Recherche Clinique CARMAS, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 Paris Est Cr\u00e9teil, 94010 Cr\u00e9teil, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2253","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1600673","article-title":"Necrotizing Soft-Tissue Infections","volume":"377","author":"Stevens","year":"2017","journal-title":"N. 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