{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T21:04:04Z","timestamp":1790197444520,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":122,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/CVT-CVT\/28469\/2017 \u201cCIAinVET - Food-producing animals as reservoirs of resistance to Critically Important Antibiotics\u201d"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/CVT-CVT\/28469\/2017 \u201cCIAinVET - Food-producing animals as reservoirs of resistance to Critically Important Antibiotics\u201d"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The present study aimed to characterize the extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases and plasmid-mediated AmpC \u03b2-lactamases (ESBL\/PMA\u03b2) among Escherichia coli producers isolated from beef, pork, and poultry meat collected at retail, in Portugal. A total of 638 meat samples were collected and inoculated on selective medium for the search of E. coli resistant to 3rd generation cephalosporins. Isolates were characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, molecular assays targeting ESBL\/AmpC, plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR), and plasmid-mediated colistin resistance (PMCR) encoding genes. The highest frequency of E. coli non-wild type to 3rd generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones was observed in broiler meat (30.3% and 93.3%, respectively). Overall, a diversity of acquired resistance mechanisms, were detected: blaESBL [blaCTX-M-1 (n = 19), blaCTX-M-15 (n = 4), blaCTX-M-32 (n = 12), blaCTX-M-55 (n = 8), blaCTX-M-65 (n = 4), blaCTX-M-27 (n = 2), blaCTX-M-9 (n = 1), blaCTX-M-14 (n = 11), blaSHV-12 (n = 27), blaTEM-52 (n = 1)], blaPMA\u03b2 [blaCMY-2 (n = 8)], PMQR [qnrB (n = 27), qnrS (n = 21) and aac(6\u2019)-Ib-type (n = 4)] and PMCR [mcr-1 (n = 8)]. Our study highlights that consumers may be exposed through the food chain to multidrug-resistant E. coli carrying diverse plasmid-mediated antimicrobial resistance genes, posing a great hazard to food safety and a public health risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10111333","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T11:47:38Z","timestamp":1635767258000},"page":"1333","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Prevalence and Characterization of ESBL\/AmpC Producing Escherichia coli from Fresh Meat in Portugal"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Lurdes","family":"Clemente","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bacteriology and Mycology, National Reference Laboratory of Animal Health, INIAV\u2014National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"},{"name":"CIISA\u2014Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5782-8920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9lia","family":"Le\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bacteriology and Mycology, National Reference Laboratory of Animal Health, INIAV\u2014National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"},{"name":"MED\u2014Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, 7006-554 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Moura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bacteriology and Mycology, National Reference Laboratory of Animal Health, INIAV\u2014National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy Science, University of Lisbon, FFUL, 1649-019 Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Albuquerque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bacteriology and Mycology, National Reference Laboratory of Animal Health, INIAV\u2014National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5139-3268","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Amaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bacteriology and Mycology, National Reference Laboratory of Animal Health, INIAV\u2014National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.01.013","article-title":"Extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase\/AmpC- and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in animals: A threat for humans?","volume":"23","author":"Madec","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. 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