{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T20:47:17Z","timestamp":1782766037629,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]],"date-time":"2021-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640736000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007356","name":"M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10-IAHU-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10-IAHU-03"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007356","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of clostridia strains in a hospital environment in Algeria and to evaluate their antimicrobial susceptibility to antibiotics and biocides. (2) Methods: Five hundred surface samples were collected from surfaces in the intensive care unit and surgical wards in the University Hospital of Tlemcen, Algeria. Bacterial identification was carried out using MALDI-TOF-MS, and then the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of various antimicrobial agents were determined by the E-test method. P. sordellii toxins were searched by enzymatic and PCR assays. Seven products intended for daily disinfection in the hospitals were tested against Clostridium spp. spore collections. (3) Results: Among 100 isolates, 90 P. sordellii were identified, and all strains were devoid of lethal and hemorrhagic toxin genes. Beta-lactam, linezolid, vancomycin, tigecycline, rifampicin, and chloramphenicol all proved effective against isolated strains. Among all strains tested, the spores of P. sordellii exhibited remarkable resistance to the tested biocides compared to other Clostridium species. The (chlorine-based 0.6%, 30 min), (glutaraldehyde solution 2.5%, 30 min), and (hydrogen peroxide\/peracetic acid 3%, 15 min) products achieved the required reduction in spores. (4) Conclusions: Our hospital\u2019s current cleaning and disinfection methods need to be optimized to effectively remove spores from caregivers\u2019 hands, equipment, and surfaces.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11010038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]],"date-time":"2021-12-29T08:12:15Z","timestamp":1640765535000},"page":"38","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Paeniclostridium sordellii in Hospital Settings"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Hanane","family":"Zerrouki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Microbiologie Appliqu\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019Agroalimentaire, au Biom\u00e9dical et \u00e0 l\u2019Environnement, Universit\u00e9 de Tlemcen, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria"},{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine et de Pharmacie, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, CEDEX 05, 13385 Marseille, France"},{"name":"IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection, Aix Marseille Universit\u00e9, 13005 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sid-Ahmed","family":"Rebiahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Microbiologie Appliqu\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019Agroalimentaire, au Biom\u00e9dical et \u00e0 l\u2019Environnement, Universit\u00e9 de Tlemcen, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yamina","family":"Elhabiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Microbiologie Appliqu\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019Agroalimentaire, au Biom\u00e9dical et \u00e0 l\u2019Environnement, Universit\u00e9 de Tlemcen, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahlam","family":"Fatmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of Tlemcen, W0414100, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie Alexandra","family":"Baron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine et de Pharmacie, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, CEDEX 05, 13385 Marseille, France"},{"name":"IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection, Aix Marseille Universit\u00e9, 13005 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Pagnier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine et de Pharmacie, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, CEDEX 05, 13385 Marseille, France"},{"name":"IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection, Aix Marseille Universit\u00e9, 13005 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6466-2324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seydina M.","family":"Diene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine et de Pharmacie, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, CEDEX 05, 13385 Marseille, France"},{"name":"IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection, Aix Marseille Universit\u00e9, 13005 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Marc","family":"Rolain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine et de Pharmacie, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, CEDEX 05, 13385 Marseille, France"},{"name":"IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection, Aix Marseille Universit\u00e9, 13005 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00064","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00064-21","article-title":"Large Clostridial Toxins: Mechanisms and Roles in Disease","volume":"85","author":"Orrell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microbiol. 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