{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T19:28:43Z","timestamp":1785180523717,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]],"date-time":"2022-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641340800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Little is known about the impacts at an individual level of long-term antibiotic consumption. We explored health outcomes of long-term antibiotic therapy prescribed to a cohort of patients to suppress infections deemed incurable. Methods: We conducted a 5-year longitudinal study of patients on long-term antibiotics at Monash Health, a metropolitan tertiary-level hospital network in Australia. Adults prescribed antibiotics for &gt;12 months to suppress chronic infection or prevent recurrent infection were included. A retrospective review of medical records and a descriptive analysis was conducted. Results: Twenty-seven patients were followed up during the study period, from 29 patients originally identified in Monash Health in 2014. Seven of the 27 patients (26%) died from causes unrelated to the suppressed infection, six (22%) ceased long-term antibiotic therapy and two (7%) required treatment modification. Fifteen (56%) were colonised with multiresistant microorganisms, including vancomycin resistant Enterococci, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaciae. Conclusions: This work highlights the potential pitfalls of long-term antibiotic therapy, and the frailty of this cohort, who are often ineligible for definitive curative therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11010062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]],"date-time":"2022-01-05T20:42:16Z","timestamp":1641415336000},"page":"62","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Long-Term Outcomes in Patients on Life-Long Antibiotics: A Five-Year Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Christopher","family":"Kiss","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash Infectious Diseases, Monash Medical Centre, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1440-1756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Declan","family":"Connoley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash Infectious Diseases, Monash Medical Centre, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn","family":"Connelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash Infectious Diseases, Monash Medical Centre, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kylie","family":"Horne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash Infectious Diseases, Monash Medical Centre, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6155-8353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tony","family":"Korman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash Infectious Diseases, Monash Medical Centre, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2928-1291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ian","family":"Woolley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash Infectious Diseases, Monash Medical Centre, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6797-4307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jillian S. Y.","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash Infectious Diseases, Monash Medical Centre, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"226","article-title":"Penicillin as a chemotherapeutic agent","volume":"236","author":"Chain","year":"1940","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2601","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dky174","article-title":"Life-long antimicrobial therapy: Where is the evidence?","volume":"73","author":"Lau","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. 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Epidemiol."}],"container-title":["Antibiotics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6382\/11\/1\/62\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T13:36:21Z","timestamp":1760362581000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6382\/11\/1\/62"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["antibiotics11010062"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antibiotics11010062","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-6382"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-6382","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]]}}}