{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T15:55:33Z","timestamp":1778601333306,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]],"date-time":"2022-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI145289- 01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI145289- 01A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Almirall","award":["NTS 1245"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NTS 1245"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Prolonged use of broad-spectrum tetracycline antibiotics such as minocycline and doxycycline may significantly alter the gut and skin microbiome leading to dysbiosis. Sarecycline, a narrow-spectrum tetracycline-class antibiotic used for acne treatment, is hypothesized to have minimal impact on the gastrointestinal tract microbiota. We evaluated the effect of sarecycline compared to minocycline against a panel of microorganisms that reflect the diversity of the gut microbiome using in vitro minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and time-kill kinetic assays. Compared to minocycline, sarecycline showed less antimicrobial activity indicated by higher MIC against 10 of 12 isolates from the Bacteroidetes phylum, three out of four isolates from Actinobacteria phylum, and five of seven isolates from the Firmicutes phylum, with significantly higher MIC values against Propionibacterium freudenreichii (\u22653 dilutions). In time-kill assays, sarecycline demonstrated significantly less activity against Escherichia coli compared to minocycline at all time-points (p &lt; 0.05). Moreover, sarecycline was significantly less effective in inhibiting Candida tropicalis compared to minocycline following 20- and 22-h exposure. Furthermore, sarecycline showed significantly less activity against Lactobacillus paracasei (recently renamed as Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei) (p = 0.002) and Bifidobacterium adolescentis at 48 h (p = 0.042), when compared to minocycline. Overall, sarecycline demonstrated reduced antimicrobial activity against 79% of the tested gut microorganisms, suggesting that it is less disruptive to gut microbiota compared with minocycline. Further in vivo testing is warranted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11030324","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]],"date-time":"2022-02-28T20:09:57Z","timestamp":1646078997000},"page":"324","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Sarecycline Demonstrated Reduced Activity Compared to Minocycline against Microbial Species Representing Human Gastrointestinal Microbiota"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Ghannoum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Medical Mycology, Integrated Microbiome Core, Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Medical Mycology, Integrated Microbiome Core, Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4011-8308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher","family":"Bunick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Del Rosso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"JDR Dermatology Research\/Thomas Dermatology, Las Vegas, NV 89148, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7215-4445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed","family":"Gamal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Medical Mycology, Integrated Microbiome Core, Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Tyring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Studies, Webster, TX 77598, USA"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"McCormick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Medical Mycology, Integrated Microbiome Core, Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5321-0584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayman","family":"Grada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"R&D and Medical Affairs, Almirall LLC, Malvern, PA 19355, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-018-0010-y","article-title":"Healthy hosts rule within: Ecological forces shaping the gut microbiota","volume":"11","author":"Byndloss","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0000000000000139","article-title":"The gut microbiome in health and in disease","volume":"31","author":"Shreiner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. 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