{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T14:29:31Z","timestamp":1788445771915,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,9]],"date-time":"2022-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646784000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003758","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa e ao Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico do Maranh\u00e3o","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Universal No. 01278\/17, BEPP 02499\/18 and IECT-02876\/17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Universal No. 01278\/17, BEPP 02499\/18 and IECT-02876\/17"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003758","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["426048\/2018-0 and 306835\/2018-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["426048\/2018-0 and 306835\/2018-5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Finance code: 001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Finance code: 001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Several natural products have been investigated for their bactericidal potential, among these, cinnamaldehyde. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the activity of cinnamaldehyde in the treatment of animals with sepsis induced by extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli. Initially, the E. coli F5 was incubated with cinnamaldehyde to evaluate the minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentration. Animal survival was monitored for five days, and a subset of mice were euthanized after 10 h to evaluate histological, hematological, and immunological parameters, as well as the presence of bacteria in the organs. On the one hand, inoculation of bacterium caused the death of 100% of the animals within 24 h after infection. On the other hand, cinnamaldehyde (60 mg\/kg) was able to keep 40% of mice alive after infection. The treatment significantly reduced the levels of cytokines in serum and peritoneum and increased the production of cells in both bone marrow and spleen, as well as lymphocytes at the infection site. Cinnamaldehyde was able to reduce tissue damage by decreasing the deleterious effects for the organism and contributed to the control of the sepsis and survival of animals; therefore, it is a promising candidate for the development of new drugs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11030364","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,9]],"date-time":"2022-03-09T01:53:54Z","timestamp":1646790834000},"page":"364","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Cinnamaldehyde Increases the Survival of Mice Submitted to Sepsis Induced by Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Isabella F. S.","family":"Figueiredo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Patogenicidade Microbiana, Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biologia Microbiana, Universidade Ceuma, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65075-120, Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Universidade Federal do Maranh\u00e3o, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65080-805, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4276-8689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorena G.","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Patogenicidade Microbiana, Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biologia Microbiana, Universidade Ceuma, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65075-120, Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biologia Microbiana, Universidade Ceuma, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65075-120, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raissa G.","family":"Assun\u00e7\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Patogenicidade Microbiana, Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biologia Microbiana, Universidade Ceuma, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65075-120, Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Universidade Federal do Maranh\u00e3o, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65080-805, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Itaynara L.","family":"Dutra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Patogenicidade Microbiana, Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biologia Microbiana, Universidade Ceuma, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65075-120, Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Universidade Federal do Maranh\u00e3o, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65080-805, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johnny R.","family":"Nascimento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Universidade Federal do Maranh\u00e3o, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65080-805, Brazil"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunofisiologia, Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal do Maranh\u00e3o, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65080-805, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabr\u00edcia S.","family":"Rego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Patogenicidade Microbiana, Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biologia Microbiana, Universidade Ceuma, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65075-120, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina S.","family":"Rolim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Patogenicidade Microbiana, Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biologia Microbiana, Universidade Ceuma, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65075-120, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leylane S. R.","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Patogenicidade Microbiana, Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biologia Microbiana, Universidade Ceuma, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65075-120, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana A.","family":"Fraz\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Patogenicidade Microbiana, Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biologia Microbiana, Universidade Ceuma, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65075-120, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samilly F.","family":"Cadete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Patogenicidade Microbiana, Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biologia Microbiana, Universidade Ceuma, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65075-120, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4206-0904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds Cl\u00e1udio N.","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Patogenicidade Microbiana, Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biologia Microbiana, Universidade Ceuma, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65075-120, Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biologia Microbiana, Universidade Ceuma, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65075-120, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joicy C.","family":"de S\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Patogenicidade Microbiana, Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biologia Microbiana, Universidade Ceuma, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65075-120, Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biologia Microbiana, Universidade Ceuma, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65075-120, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2506-169X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo M.","family":"de Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Universidade Federal do Maranh\u00e3o, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65080-805, Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biologia Microbiana, Universidade Ceuma, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65075-120, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3470-5706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Waldir P.","family":"Elias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, S\u00e3o Paulo 05503-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fl\u00e1via R. F.","family":"Nascimento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Universidade Federal do Maranh\u00e3o, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65080-805, Brazil"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunofisiologia, Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal do Maranh\u00e3o, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65080-805, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1665-0879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Afonso G.","family":"Abreu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Patogenicidade Microbiana, Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biologia Microbiana, Universidade Ceuma, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65075-120, Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Universidade Federal do Maranh\u00e3o, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65080-805, Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biologia Microbiana, Universidade Ceuma, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65075-120, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0287","article-title":"The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3)","volume":"315","author":"Singer","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2011.09.003","article-title":"The Economics of sepsis","volume":"28","author":"Chalupka","year":"2012","journal-title":"Crit. Care Clin."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3823\/2425","article-title":"Sepsis Epidemiology: Settings and Contexts","volume":"10","author":"Rulim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Med."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i1585","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i1585","article-title":"Sepsis: Pathophysiology and clinical management","volume":"353","author":"Gotts","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjm.2016.10.015","article-title":"Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli","volume":"47","author":"Gomes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Braz. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/465054","article-title":"Molecular screening of virulence genes in extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from human blood culture in Brazil","volume":"2014","author":"Koga","year":"2014","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dutra, I.L., Araujo, L.G., Assuncao, R.G., Lima, Y.A., Nascimento, J.R., Vale, A.A.M., Alves, P.C.S., Trovao, L.O., Santos, A.C.M., and Silva, R.M. (2020). Pic-Producing Escherichia coli Induces High Production of Proinflammatory Mediators by the Host Leading to Death by Sepsis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21062068"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2015.1136775","article-title":"The serine protease Pic as a virulence factor of atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli","volume":"7","author":"Abreu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5587","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.11.5587-5596.1999","article-title":"Characterization of Pic, a secreted protease of Shigella flexneri and enteroagregative Escherichia coli","volume":"67","author":"Henderson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2636","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00025-15","article-title":"The serine protease autotransporter Pic modulates Citrobacter rodentium pathogenesis and its innate recognition by the host","volume":"83","author":"Bhullar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7105","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.12.7105-7113.2002","article-title":"Functional comparison of serine protease autotransporters of enterobacteriaceae","volume":"70","author":"Dutta","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12881","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1101006108","article-title":"Serine protease autotransporters from Shigella flexneri and pathogenic Escherichia coli target a broad range of leukocyte glycoproteins","volume":"108","author":"Wahid","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms4080","article-title":"Autotransporters but not pAA are critical for rabbit colonization by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O104:H4","volume":"5","author":"Munera","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiv013","article-title":"The serine protease Pic from enteroaggregative Escherichia coli mediates immune evasion by the direct cleavage of complement proteins","volume":"212","author":"Abreu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO) (2014). Antimicrobial Resistance: Global Report on Surveillance, WHO."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2019.104405","article-title":"A review of cinnamaldehyde and its derivatives as antibacterial agents","volume":"139","author":"Doyle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2019.05.067","article-title":"Anti-cancer effects of cinnamon: Insights into its apoptosis effects","volume":"178","author":"Sadeghi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2013.08.019","article-title":"Protective effects of cinnamic acid and cinnamic aldehyde on isoproterenol-induced acute myocardial ischemia in rats","volume":"150","author":"Song","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfda.2017.03.006","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effect of cinnamaldehyde and linalool from the leaf essential oil of Cinnamomum osmophloeum Kanehira in endotoxin induced mice","volume":"26","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Food Drug Anal."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"1","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory activities of Cinnamomum cassia constituents in vitro and in vivo","volume":"2012","author":"Liao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Evid. Based Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-015-7159-z","article-title":"Cinnamaldehyde inhibits fungal growth and aflatoxin B1 biosynthesis by modulating the oxidative stress response of Aspergillus flavus","volume":"100","author":"Sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pereira, W.A., Pereira, C.D.S., Assun\u00e7\u00e3o, R.G., da Silva, I.S.C., Rego, F.S., Alves, L.S.R., Santos, J.S., Nogueira, F.J.R., Zagmignan, A., and Thomsen, T.T. (2021). New insights into the antimicrobial action of Cinnamaldehyde towards Escherichia coli and its effects on intestinal colonization of mice. Biomolecules, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11020302"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2986","DOI":"10.1039\/C9FO00410F","article-title":"trans-Cinnamaldehyde mitigated intestinal inflammation induced by Cronobacter sakazakii in newborn mice","volume":"10","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8117","DOI":"10.1021\/jf2018935","article-title":"Bioactive phytochemicals of leaf essential oils of Cinnamomum osmophloeum prevent lipopolysaccharide\/D-galactosamine (LPS\/D-GalN)-induced acute hepatitis in mice","volume":"59","author":"Tung","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-020-0359-9","article-title":"Cinnamaldehyde protects against rat intestinal ischemia\/reperfusion injuries by synergistic inhibition of NF-\u03baB and p53","volume":"41","author":"Almoiliqy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1007\/s12017-016-8395-9","article-title":"Trans-Cinnamaldehyde, n Essential Oil in Cinnamon Powder, Ameliorates Cerebral Ischemia-Induced Brain Injury via Inhibition of Neuroinflammation Through Attenuation of iNOS, COX-2 Expression and NF\u03ba-B Signaling Pathway","volume":"18","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuromol. Med."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1097\/00024382-200212000-00001","article-title":"Early circulating lymphocyte apoptosis in human septic shock is associated with poor outcome","volume":"18","author":"Pangault","year":"2002","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5110","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.8.5110","article-title":"Accelerated lymphocyte death in sepsis occurs by both the death receptor and mitochondrial pathway","volume":"174","author":"Hotchkiss","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2016.02.012","article-title":"Cinnamaldehyde modulates LPS-induced systemic inflammatory response syndrome through TRPA1-dependent and independent mechanisms","volume":"34","author":"Mendes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6930","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1002300","article-title":"Early enhanced local neutrophil recruitment in peritonitis-induced sepsis improves bacterial clearance and survival","volume":"185","author":"Craciun","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.06.018","article-title":"Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom improves survival and lung inflammation in lethal sepsis induced by CLP in mice","volume":"89","author":"Maciel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.00148","article-title":"Chenopodium ambrosioides L. Improves phagocytic activity and decreases bacterial growth and the systemic inflammatory response in sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture","volume":"8","author":"Rios","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"2137","article-title":"Prophylactic treatment with simvastatin modulates the immune response and increases animal survival following lethal sepsis infection","volume":"21","author":"Abreu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.4103\/2231-4040.143034","article-title":"Antiinflammatory effects of essential oil from the leaves of Cinnamomum cassia and cinnamaldehyde on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated J774A.1 cells","volume":"5","author":"Pannee","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Adv. Pharm. Technol. Res."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.241.139","article-title":"Plasma Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 as a Predictive Marker for Sepsis Prognosis: A Prospective Cohort Study","volume":"241","author":"Zhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tohoku J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0463.2010.02705.x","article-title":"Multiplex cytokine profiling in patients with sepsis","volume":"119","author":"Mera","year":"2011","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (2017). Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Twenty-Seventh Informational Supplement; CLSI Document M100-S27."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-8-57","article-title":"Syzygium jambolanum treatment improves survival in lethal sepsis induced in mice","volume":"8","author":"Maciel","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2006.11.006","article-title":"Increase of cellular recruitment, phagocytosis ability and nitric oxide production induced by hydroalcoholic extract from Chenopodium ambrosioides leaves","volume":"111","author":"Cruz","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liberio, S.A., Pereira, A.L.A., Dutra, R.P., Reis, A.S., Ara\u00fajo, M.J.A.M., Mattar, N.S., Silva, L.A., Ribeiro, M.N.S., Nascimento, F.R.F., and Guerra, R.N.M. (2011). Antimicrobial activity against oral pathogens and immunomodulatory effects and toxicity of geopropolis produced by the stingless bee Melipona fasciculata Smith. BMC Complement. Altern. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-11-108"}],"container-title":["Antibiotics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6382\/11\/3\/364\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:33:23Z","timestamp":1760135603000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6382\/11\/3\/364"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,9]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["antibiotics11030364"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antibiotics11030364","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-6382"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-6382","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,9]]}}}