{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T23:45:00Z","timestamp":1793922300722,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,18]],"date-time":"2022-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2022R1A2C1003503"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2022R1A2C1003503"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The spread of COVID-19 pandemic may have affected antibiotic consumption patterns and the prevalence of colonized or infected by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. We investigated the differences in the consumption of antibiotics easily prone to resistance and the prevalence of MDR bacteria during the COVID-19 pandemic (March 2020 to September 2021) compared to in the pre-pandemic period (March 2018 to September 2019). Data on usage of antibiotics and infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), and carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) were obtained from hospitalized patients in four university hospitals. The consumption of penicillin with \u03b2-lactamase inhibitors (3.4% in ward, 5.8% in intensive care unit (ICU)), and carbapenems (25.9% in ward, 12.1% in ICU) increased during the pandemic period. The prevalence of MRSA (4.7%), VRE (49.0%), CRE (22.4%), and CRPA (20.1%) isolated in clinical samples from the ward and VRE (26.7%) and CRE (36.4%) isolated in clinical samples from the ICU were significantly increased, respectively. Meanwhile, only the prevalence of CRE (38.7%) isolated in surveillance samples from the ward increased. The COVID-19 pandemic is associated with increased consumption of antibiotics and has influenced the prevalence of infections caused by MDR isolates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11040535","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,18]],"date-time":"2022-04-18T22:04:02Z","timestamp":1650319442000},"page":"535","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["Impact of COVID-19 on Antimicrobial Consumption and Spread of Multidrug-Resistance in Bacterial Infections"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1333-5366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kibum","family":"Jeon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hallym University Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul 07247, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4199-7033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seri","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul 07442, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nuri","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul 07442, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2775-2128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min-Jeong","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul 07442, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5056-9033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wonkeun","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul 07442, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han-Sung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14068, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun Soo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong 18450, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae-Seok","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul 05355, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2022, April 11). 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