{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T14:16:03Z","timestamp":1790432163383,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,24]],"date-time":"2022-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650758400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A 15-year-old girl with a history of recurrent painful orofacial swelling was diagnosed on the basis of clinical findings, histopathological examination and imaging modalities as having primary chronic osteomyelitis of the jaw. Initial microbiological samples were performed but were inconclusive. She received multiple empirical antibiotic therapies and NSAIDs for 3 years without complete remission. Only MALDI-TOF (Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption\/Ionization\u2013Time Of Flight) analysis after additional multiple microbiological bone samples with adequate techniques yielded the final diagnosis of bacterial chronic osteomyelitis of the jaw. Its management requires a multidisciplinary approach, involving oral and maxillofacial surgeons, infectiologists and microbiologists, to limit treatment failure. Antibiotic therapy without surgery for 6 months achieved the complete radiographic resolution of the CBCT (Cone Beam Computed Tomography) and the normalization of laboratory tests. After 2 years of follow-up, no relapse had been reported. Modern microbiological investigation and sampling techniques are critical for the accurate diagnosis and management of osteomyelitis of the jaw, especially in unusual and clinically misleading forms of this infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11050568","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,24]],"date-time":"2022-04-24T22:22:41Z","timestamp":1650838961000},"page":"568","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Chronic Osteomyelitis of the Jaw: Pivotal Role of Microbiological Investigation and Multidisciplinary Management\u2014A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7294-9261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Quentin","family":"Lucidarme","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"P\u00f4le de M\u00e9decine Bucco-Dentaire, Service de Chirurgie Orale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, 51092 Reims, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Delphine","family":"Lebrun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de M\u00e9decine Interne et Maladies Infectieuses, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal Nord Ardennes, 08000 Charleville-M\u00e9zi\u00e8res, France"},{"name":"Centre de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence des Infections Ost\u00e9o-Articulaires Complexes (CRIOAC Inter-R\u00e9gion Nord-Est), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, 51092 Reims, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7781-9717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V\u00e9ronique","family":"Vernet-Garnier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence des Infections Ost\u00e9o-Articulaires Complexes (CRIOAC Inter-R\u00e9gion Nord-Est), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, 51092 Reims, France"},{"name":"Service de Bact\u00e9riologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, 51092 Reims, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joey","family":"Le Gall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"P\u00f4le de M\u00e9decine Bucco-Dentaire, Service de Chirurgie Orale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, 51092 Reims, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sa\u00efdou","family":"Diallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence des Infections Ost\u00e9o-Articulaires Complexes (CRIOAC Inter-R\u00e9gion Nord-Est), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, 51092 Reims, France"},{"name":"Service d\u2019Orthop\u00e9die-Traumatologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, 51092 Reims, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9dric","family":"Mauprivez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"P\u00f4le de M\u00e9decine Bucco-Dentaire, Service de Chirurgie Orale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, 51092 Reims, France"},{"name":"Laboratoire EA-4691 Biomat\u00e9riaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux, UFR de Pharmacie, Universit\u00e9 de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51096 Reims, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1282-1311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Derruau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"P\u00f4le de M\u00e9decine Bucco-Dentaire, Service de Chirurgie Orale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, 51092 Reims, France"},{"name":"Laboratoire BioSpecT EA-7506, UFR de Pharmacie, Universit\u00e9 de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51096 Reims, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1007\/s12105-019-01087-1","article-title":"Diagnostic Challenge and Clinical Management of Juvenile Mandibular Chronic Osteomyelitis","volume":"14","author":"Zimmermann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Head Neck Pathol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baltensperger, M.M., and Eyrich, G.K.H. 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