{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T23:40:41Z","timestamp":1787787641786,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]],"date-time":"2022-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657152000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NSERC Discovery Frontiers Grant","award":["#539024-2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#539024-2019"]}]},{"name":"Sentinelle Nord Postdoctoral Fellowship","award":["#539024-2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#539024-2019"]}]},{"name":"NSERC and a Fonds de recherche du Qu\u00e9bec-Nature et technologies (FRQ-NT) summer scholarships","award":["#539024-2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#539024-2019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Monitoring antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is vital to the One Health approach to tackling the antibiotic resistance crisis. It has been suggested that conifer needles can be used as passive bioaerosol samplers. Here, the use of conifer needles as biomonitors of ARGs in bioaerosols was assessed as a proof-of-concept. Needles were collected from trees surrounding pig farms, villages, and forest sites in Qu\u00e9bec, Canada. Needles were homogenised and DNA was extracted. Results of qPCR analyses showed biomass estimates were consistent across samples. Number and quantity of ARGs was significantly lower in forest sites when compared to the farm and village, comprising a distinct resistome. Consistent with previous findings, the most common ARGs were tetracyclines and sulfonamides, which were found close to agricultural activities. Although results were limited, there is great potential for using the conifer phyllosphere as a passive bioaerosol sampler. This method represents an accessible way to promote ARG surveillance over long distances from point sources.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11070907","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]],"date-time":"2022-07-07T00:27:48Z","timestamp":1657153668000},"page":"907","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Conifer Needle Phyllosphere as a Potential Passive Monitor of Bioaerosolised Antibiotic Resistance Genes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3835-431X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul B. L.","family":"George","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de M\u00e9decine Mol\u00e9culaire, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"},{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-Informatique, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Leclerc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-Informatique, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Turgeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche de l\u2019Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Veillette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche de l\u2019Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9912-0349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline","family":"Duchaine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-Informatique, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"},{"name":"Centre de Recherche de l\u2019Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"The One Health Concept: 10 Years Old and a Long Road Ahead","volume":"5","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. 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