{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T18:14:55Z","timestamp":1784657695805,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,9]],"date-time":"2022-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657324800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Two mutually related pandemics are ongoing worldwide: the COVID-19 and antimicrobial resistance pandemics. This study aims to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on multi-drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (MDR-GN) bloodstream infections (BSIs) in a single intensive care unit (ICU). We conducted a retrospective study including patients admitted to the ICU, reorganized for COVID-19 patients\u2019 healthcare, with at least one confirmed MDR-GN BSI during 2019\u20132020. We compared clinical and microbiological features, incidence density, antibiotic therapy and mortality rate in pre- and during-COVID-19 pandemic periods. We estimated the impact of COVID-19 on mortality by means of univariate Cox regression analyses. A total of 46 patients were included in the study (28 non-COVID-19\/18 COVID-19). Overall, 63 BSI episodes occurred (44\/19), and non-COVID-19 patients had a higher incidence of MDR-GN BSIs and were more likely to present K. pneumoniae BSIs, while the COVID-19 group showed more A. baumannii BSIs with higher per pathogen incidence. COVID-19 patients presented more critical conditions at the BSI onset, a shorter hospitalization time from BSI to death and higher 30-day mortality rate from BSI onset. COVID-19 and septic shock were associated with 30-day mortality from MDR-GN BSIs, while early active therapy was a protective factor. In conclusion, COVID-19 showed a negative impact on patients with MDR-GN BSIs admitted to the ICU.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11070926","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,10]],"date-time":"2022-07-10T21:19:28Z","timestamp":1657487968000},"page":"926","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Clinical Impact of COVID-19 on Multi-Drug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacilli Bloodstream Infections in an Intensive Care Unit Setting: Two Pandemics Compared"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Francesco","family":"Cogliati Dezza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9629-4637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriele","family":"Arcari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Virology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Alessi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serena","family":"Valeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ambrogio","family":"Curtolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7933-8407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federica","family":"Sacco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Virology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5921-3180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giancarlo","family":"Ceccarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9665-0811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giammarco","family":"Raponi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Virology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Alessandri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio Maria","family":"Mastroianni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2639-0281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Venditti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0832-7975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra","family":"Oliva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO (2022, May 31). 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