{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T06:37:06Z","timestamp":1782283026314,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,19]],"date-time":"2022-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658188800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)","award":["10-IAHU-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10-IAHU-03"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Staphylococcus aureus causes a wide range of life-threatening infections. In this study, we determined its prevalence in the hospital environment and investigated nasal carriage among healthcare workers and patients admitted to a hospital in western Algeria. A total of 550 specimens were collected. An antibiogram was performed and the genes encoding resistance to methicillin, inducible clindamycin and toxins were sought among the 92 S. aureus isolates. The spread of clones with a methicillin- and\/or clindamycin-resistance phenotype between these ecosystems was studied using genomic analysis. A prevalence of 27%, 30% and 13% of S. aureus (including 2.7%, 5% and 1.25% of MRSA) in patients, healthcare workers and the hospital environment were observed, respectively. The presence of the mecA, erm, pvl and tsst-1 genes was detected in 10.9%, 17.4%, 7.6% and 18.5% of samples, respectively. Sequencing allowed us to identify seven sequence types, including three MRSA-IV-ST6, two MRSA-IV-ST80-PVL+, two MRSA-IV-ST22-TSST-1, two MRSA-V-ST5, and one MRSA-IV-ST398, as well as many virulence genes. Here, we reported that both the hospital environment and nasal carriage may be reservoirs contributing to the spread of the same pathogenic clone persisting over time. The circulation of different pathogenic clones of MRSA, MSSA, and iMLSB, as well as the emergence of at-risk ST398 clones should be monitored.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11070971","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,19]],"date-time":"2022-07-19T08:28:25Z","timestamp":1658219305000},"page":"971","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Genetic Diversity and Virulence Profile of Methicillin and Inducible Clindamycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates in Western Algeria"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Zahoua Mentfakh","family":"Laceb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Biotechnologies, Environnement et Sant\u00e9, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Universit\u00e9 de Blida 01, BP270 Route Soumaa, Blida 09000, Algeria"},{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine et de Pharmacie, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Aix Marseille University, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, CEDEX 05, 13385 Marseille, France"},{"name":"IHU M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection, 13005 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seydina M.","family":"Diene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine et de Pharmacie, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Aix Marseille University, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, CEDEX 05, 13385 Marseille, France"},{"name":"IHU M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection, 13005 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rym","family":"Lalaoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine et de Pharmacie, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Aix Marseille University, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, CEDEX 05, 13385 Marseille, France"},{"name":"IHU M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection, 13005 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mabrouk","family":"Kihal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Microbiologie Appliqu\u00e9e, Universit\u00e9 Ahmed Ben Bella Oran1, BP1524 El M\u2019naouer, Oran 31000, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fella Hamaidi","family":"Chergui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Biotechnologies, Environnement et Sant\u00e9, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Universit\u00e9 de Blida 01, BP270 Route Soumaa, Blida 09000, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Marc","family":"Rolain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine et de Pharmacie, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Aix Marseille University, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, CEDEX 05, 13385 Marseille, France"},{"name":"IHU M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection, 13005 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Hadjadj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine et de Pharmacie, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Aix Marseille University, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, CEDEX 05, 13385 Marseille, France"},{"name":"IHU M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection, 13005 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-018-0147-4","article-title":"Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: An overview of basic and clinical research","volume":"17","author":"Turner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. 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