{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T05:58:08Z","timestamp":1772690288555,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,7]],"date-time":"2022-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: antimicrobial resistance is a global problem in human and veterinary medicine. We aimed to investigate the extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-PE) gut colonization in healthy community dogs in Israel. Methods: Rectal swabs were sampled from 145 healthy dogs, enriched, plated on selective plates, sub-cultured to obtain pure cultures, and ESBL production was confirmed. Bacterial species and antibiotic susceptibility profiles were identified. WGS was performed on all of the ESBL-PE isolates and their resistomes were identified in silico. Owners\u2019 questionnaires were collected for risk factor analysis. Results: ESBL-PE gut colonization rate was 6.2% (n = 9\/145, 95% CI 2.9\u201311.5). Overall, ten isolates were detected (one dog had two isolates); the main species was Escherichia coli (eight isolates), belonging to diverse phylogenetic groups\u2014B1, A and C. Two isolates were identified as Citrobacter braakii, and C. portucalensis. A phylogenetic analysis indicated that all of the isolates were genetically unrelated and sporadic. The isolates possessed diverse ESBL genes and antibiotic-resistance gene content, suggesting independent ESBL spread. In a multivariable risk factor analysis, coprophagia was identified as a risk factor for ESBL-PE gut colonization (p = 0.048, aOR = 4.408, 95% CI 1.014\u201319.169). Conclusions: healthy community dogs may be colonized with ESBL-PE MDR strains, some of which were previously reported in humans, that carry wide and diverse resistomes and may serve as a possible source for AMR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11081069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,7]],"date-time":"2022-08-07T21:03:50Z","timestamp":1659906230000},"page":"1069","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Extended-Spectrum \u03b2-Lactamase Producing Enterobacterales in Healthy Community Dogs in Israel"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Anat","family":"Shnaiderman-Torban","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4916-110X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shiri","family":"Navon-Venezia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology Department, Ariel University, Ariel 4076414, Israel"},{"name":"The Dr. Miriam and Sheldon G. Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 4076414, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hadar","family":"Baron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wiessam","family":"Abu-Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hadassah Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haya","family":"Arielly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Lab, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba 4428164, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gal","family":"Zizelski Valenci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Public Health Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Tel Aviv 6810416, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Israel","family":"Nissan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Public Health Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Tel Aviv 6810416, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yossi","family":"Paitan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ilex Labs, Ilex Medical Ltd., 7 Hatnufa St., Petach Yikva 2951025, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0984-6822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amir","family":"Steinman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"105","article-title":"Antibiotic Resistance: What, Why, Where, When and How?","volume":"116","author":"Sabtu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. Med. Bull."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1080\/10408410490266429","article-title":"Extended-Spectrum \u03b2-Lactamases (ESBLs): Characterization, Epidemiology and Detection","volume":"30","author":"Shah","year":"2004","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2006.03.013","article-title":"Resistance in Gram-Negative Bacteria: Enterobacteriaceae","volume":"119","author":"Paterson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. 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