{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T10:49:18Z","timestamp":1777546158196,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]],"date-time":"2022-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A patient with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) underwent complex surgical tumor therapy, including the reconstruction of soft tissues using a radial forearm flap. Due to venous congestion that could only partly be resolved by revision surgery, leech therapy was started on the second postoperative day. The patient developed pneumonia and sepsis and died as a result of septic shock, despite having received targeted broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy since day 5. Aeromonas spp. were cultured from both the patient\u2019s specimens and unused leeches. Biochemical identification and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) yielded inconsistent identification results. Finally, microbiological identification of Aeromonas spp. was performed via 16S rDNA sequencing and use of the basic local alignment search tool (BLAST), and strains from both the patient and the leeches were identified as Aeromonas veronii. Aeromonas spp. strains derived from the patient and leeches and independent laboratory strains were submitted to randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) subtyping. RAPD of A. veronii strains from both sources revealed an identical pattern, strongly suggesting the transmission of A. veronii from the leeches to the patient. Physicians should be aware of the potential for severe lethal infections as a fatal side-effect of leech therapy in critically ill patients, which should be addressed using antibiotic prophylaxis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11091180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]],"date-time":"2022-08-31T23:53:21Z","timestamp":1661990001000},"page":"1180","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Lethal Aeromonas veronii Sepsis in the Course of Medicinal Leech Therapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8637-9255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"Sproll","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8470-6478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julian","family":"Lommen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Balasiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4301-0693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lara","family":"Schorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norbert R.","family":"K\u00fcbler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Birgit","family":"Henrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rainer","family":"Kram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Petersdorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, 42283 Wuppertal, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-4356(03)00242-0","article-title":"Historical Article: Hirudo medicinalis: Ancient origins of, and trends in the use of medicinal leeches throughout history","volume":"42","author":"Whitaker","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br. 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