{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T17:06:09Z","timestamp":1793120769012,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,3]],"date-time":"2022-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Executive Agency for Higher Education, Research, Development, and Innovation Funding, Romania","award":["PD 100\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD 100\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>At present, the epidemiology of the gastrointestinal disease caused by Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) is starting to be slowly elucidated internationally, although information about the bacteria in the food supply chain is insufficient and, in many countries, even absent. The study was conducted in order to investigate the prevalence of C. difficile isolated from animal feces, as well as to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of such isolates. The presence of antibiotic resistance determinants has also been evaluated. Overall, a total of 24 (12.5%) C. difficile isolates were recovered (out of the 192 samples collected), the highest percentage of positive isolates being detected in the fecal samples collected from piglets (25%). The majority of the isolates recovered in the current study proved to be toxigenic. Moreover, all C. difficile isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, although a large proportion of the porcine isolates (50%) were resistant to levofloxacin. The tetW and erm(B) genes have also been identified in the porcine isolates. In conclusion, this is the first analysis of the prevalence of C. difficile in food-producing animals in Romania, and it adds further evidence about the possible role of animals as a source of resistant C. difficile strains and a reservoir of antimicrobial resistance determinants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11091194","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]],"date-time":"2022-09-05T20:48:25Z","timestamp":1662410905000},"page":"1194","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Clostridioides difficile in Food-Producing Animals in Romania: First Study on the Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Corina","family":"Beres","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Breeding and Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Manastur Street No. 3\/5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1577-4861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liora","family":"Colobatiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Devices, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Victor Babes Street No. 8, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Tabaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Breeding and Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Manastur Street No. 3\/5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romolica","family":"Mihaiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Management, Faculty of Economic Sciences and Business Administration, Babes Bolyai University, Mihail Kogalniceanu Street No.1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristian","family":"Iuhas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Victor Babes Street No. 8, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marian","family":"Mihaiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Breeding and Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Manastur Street No. 3\/5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1111\/lam.13238","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of Clostridium difficile from a small survey of wastewater, food and animals in New Zealand","volume":"70","author":"Rivas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lett. 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